1. The Nature of Knowledge
TOK

2. ORIENTATION What has been a really interesting thing to learn:
(a) in school?
(b) outside school?
Choose at least one thing from both categories
How did you come to know it?
try to describe the way(s) of knowing
On what basis can you say that your knowledge is true?
try to find some sort of way to justify your knowledge

3. Knowledge Claim An assertion that something is the case
Any statement that can can be true or false
E.g. ”Helsinki is the capital of Finland”, ”The president of USA is a nice guy” and ”I’m in love”

4. Knowledge Questions Questions about knowledge Second order questions
Open questions contestable, no straightforward answers
General questions not subject-specific

5. TASK Start formulating knowledge questions!
You may use the examples from the orientation as a springboard
You may also choose another topic and elaborate on that

6. The Definition of Knowledge
Justified
True
Belief

7. Truth The correspondence between knowledge claim and reality
E.g. ”Helsinki is the capital of Finland” is true if Helsinki is really the capital of Finland
In practise something is true if it’s beyond reasonable doubt

8. Belief A state of mind in which a person thinks something is the case
In order to know something, the knower must understand what he/ she knows

9. TASK
Will it ever make sense to say that a computer KNOWS something?

10. Justification The way how the knowers belief is pointed to be true
In order to be knowledge, beliefs should be supported with evidence

11. TASK Try to find different ways to justify your claims/ beliefs!
Again, you may use the examples from the orientation as a springboard
And again, you may also choose another topic and elaborate on that
Try to use the ways of knowing in TOK curriculum:
Language
Perception
Reason
Intuition
Emotion
Memory
Imagination
Faith

12. Levels of Knowledge
Information is order that doesn’t necessarily contain meaning, justification nor truth
Knowledge has a subject, a knower, who forms meaningful wholes out of information

13. TASK
Have you ever passed a test without REALLY understanding the subject?
What does this tell you about the difference between knowledge and information?

14. Types of Knowledge (1) Knowledge by acquaintance
First hand knowledge based on experience
Knowledge of

15. TASK
Could someone who has never visited, say, Lapland know more about it than someone who lives there?

16. Types of Knowledge (2) Practical knowledge Skill-based knowledge
Knowledge how

17. TASK What role does practical know-how play in the IB subjects today?
Consider, in particular, languages, sciences and the arts

18. Types of Knowledge (3) Knowledge by description
Second hand knowledge which comes in the form of language
Knowledge that

19. TASK
How does your knowledge by description influence your knowledge by acquaintance and vice versa?
How are the two types of knowledge related to each other?

20. TASK
Many people can speak their own language fluently, but cannot explain it’s underlying grammar
What does this suggest about the relation between knowledge how and knowledge that?

21. Picture sources

22. Picture sources

23. Picture sources http://www.sihd.org/getpage.php?name=information&

24. Picture sources