1. Shaping and Measuring Public Opinion October 21, 2015 Describe each of the following and explain how each has been used over time to expand federal power. -The “necessary and proper”/“elastic” clause -The commerce clause Objective: Understand how people acquire their political beliefs (8 agents)

2. I. Political Socialization Definition Please Identify 1 trend

3. I. POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION I. Family Similar Different II. Media III. School IV. Religion Younger Older

4. I. Political Socialization V. Race 1.Whites: 2.Blacks: 3.Hispanics: 4.Asians: VI. Income VII. Education

5. I. Political Socialization VIII. Gender Women Men IX. Peers X. Region http://www- personal.umich.edu/~mejn/election/2 012/ XI. Cross Pressure

6. 2008-2012 Exit Poll Data Let’s take a quick look -Characteristics of who was most likely to vote for -Obama…McCain http://elections.nytimes.com/2008/re sults/president/exit-polls.htmlhttp://elections.nytimes.com/2008/re sults/president/exit-polls.html -Obama…Romney http://elections.nytimes.com/2012/resu lts/president/exit-polls

7. II. Measuring Public Opinion 1.Purpose of Polling 1.Inform 2.Campaign 3.Feedback 2.Types of Polls 1.Random Digit Dialing 2.Internet 3.Exit Polls 4.“Push Polls”

8. II. Measuring Public Opinion 3. Factors Affecting Accuracy 1.Random Sampling 2.Sampling size 3.Wording 4. Concerns of Polls 1.“Horse Race” 2.Bandwagon 3.Manipulate 4.Florida 2000 5.Uneducated Masses http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/26/o bama-muslim_n_1706522.html