1. Management Information System Ghulam Yasin Lecturer Institute of Business Administration

2. Modeling system A model is a representation of a real-world element (such as object, concept or event) and the relationship among them. A model is a representation of a real-world element (such as object, concept or event) and the relationship among them. The Systems Modeling Language (SysML) is a general-purpose modeling language for systems engineering applications. It supports the specification, analysis, design, verification and validation of a broad range of systems and systems-of-systems The Systems Modeling Language (SysML) is a general-purpose modeling language for systems engineering applications. It supports the specification, analysis, design, verification and validation of a broad range of systems and systems-of-systems general-purpose modelingsystems engineeringanalysisdesignverification and validation systems-of-systems general-purpose modelingsystems engineeringanalysisdesignverification and validation systems-of-systems Such as equation of an areaSuch as equation of an area Skelton systemSkelton system

3. General Versus Specific Models General models General models Are models that can be applied to a wide variety of settings or for many organizations.Are models that can be applied to a wide variety of settings or for many organizations. Specific models Specific models Specific models that apply for some specific systems.Specific models that apply for some specific systems. A platform-specific model is a model of a software or business system that is linked to a specific technological platform (e.g. a specific programming language, operating system or database). Platform-specific models are indispensable for the actual implementation of a systemA platform-specific model is a model of a software or business system that is linked to a specific technological platform (e.g. a specific programming language, operating system or database). Platform-specific models are indispensable for the actual implementation of a system programming languageoperating system database programming languageoperating system database

4. General Versus Specific Models For example, a need to implement an online shop. The system will need to store information regarding users, goods, credit cards, etc. The designer might decide to use for this purpose an Oracle database. For this to work, the designer will need to express concepts (e.g. the concept of a user) in a relational model using the Oracle's SQL dialect. This Oracle's specific relational model is an example of a Platform-specific model. For example, a need to implement an online shop. The system will need to store information regarding users, goods, credit cards, etc. The designer might decide to use for this purpose an Oracle database. For this to work, the designer will need to express concepts (e.g. the concept of a user) in a relational model using the Oracle's SQL dialect. This Oracle's specific relational model is an example of a Platform-specific model.Oracle databaserelational model OracleSQLOracle relational modelOracle databaserelational model OracleSQLOracle relational model

5. Types of Models Models can be classified in several ways. Here are some modesl which are widely used to design different system. Models can be classified in several ways. Here are some modesl which are widely used to design different system. Graphical ModelsGraphical Models Mathematical ModelsMathematical Models Narrative ModelsNarrative Models Physical ModelsPhysical Models

6. Graphical Models Graphical models generally use such symbols as icons, boxes and lines to represent real-world elements and the relationship among them. Graphical models generally use such symbols as icons, boxes and lines to represent real-world elements and the relationship among them. DFD is a good example of graphical models, which is used by system analyst to graphically illustrate information system. DFD is a good example of graphical models, which is used by system analyst to graphically illustrate information system.

7. Graphical Models

8. Mathematical Models A mathematical model is used to express some mathematical problems. A mathematical model is used to express some mathematical problems. A mathematical model uses mathematical language to describe a system. Mathematical models are used not only in the natural sciences and engineering disciplines (such as physics, biology, earth science, meteorology, and engineering) but also in the social sciences (such as economics, psychology, sociology and political science); physicists, engineers, computer scientists, and economists use mathematical models most extensively. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed 'mathematical modelling A mathematical model uses mathematical language to describe a system. Mathematical models are used not only in the natural sciences and engineering disciplines (such as physics, biology, earth science, meteorology, and engineering) but also in the social sciences (such as economics, psychology, sociology and political science); physicists, engineers, computer scientists, and economists use mathematical models most extensively. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed 'mathematical modellingmathematicalsystemnatural sciencesengineeringphysics biologyearth sciencemeteorology engineeringsocial scienceseconomicspsychologysociologypolitical sciencephysicistsengineerscomputer scientistseconomistsmathematicalsystemnatural sciencesengineeringphysics biologyearth sciencemeteorology engineeringsocial scienceseconomicspsychologysociologypolitical sciencephysicistsengineerscomputer scientistseconomists

9. Mathematical Models Q= 2DC Q= 2DC PH PH Q is used to quantity for some specific product. Annual use of product is D Cost of individual is C. Price of product is P. Unit cost of carrying items in inventory is H

10. Narrative model Narrative model is used to describe a system without trying to illustrate it in a formula or graph. Narrative model is used to describe a system without trying to illustrate it in a formula or graph. These models are spoken words which are used to describe an object, event or procedures. These models are spoken words which are used to describe an object, event or procedures.

11. Narrative model

12. Physical model Physical model is that model which can be touched. Physical model is that model which can be touched. Physical model of building are widely used to show clients what new facilities will look like before they are built. Physical model of building are widely used to show clients what new facilities will look like before they are built.

13. Physical model

14. General model of an organization Consumers Consumers Consumers includes both present and potential customers for the product or service that organization provides.Consumers includes both present and potential customers for the product or service that organization provides. Consumers are most important because they represent revenue.Consumers are most important because they represent revenue. Which service or product consumers are purchasing. Which service or product consumers are purchasing. Consumer’s taste etc Consumer’s taste etc

15. Cont.. Suppliers Suppliers Suppliers include the sources that make available the goods and services, the organization requires to keep operating.Suppliers include the sources that make available the goods and services, the organization requires to keep operating. Competitors Competitors Most firms have to be keenly aware of strengths, weaknesses and strategic tactics of the competition.Most firms have to be keenly aware of strengths, weaknesses and strategic tactics of the competition. SWOT analysis SWOT analysis

16. Cont.. Labor supply Labor supply The performance of both manufacturing and merchandising firms also depends on an adequate supply of both operational and managerial labor.The performance of both manufacturing and merchandising firms also depends on an adequate supply of both operational and managerial labor. External environment External environment External environment consists of all relevant forces outside the organization and is composed of an operating environment and a remote environment.External environment consists of all relevant forces outside the organization and is composed of an operating environment and a remote environment.

17. Cont.. Operating environment Operating environment An organization’s operating environment consists of all relevant forces outside the organization and is composed of an operating environment and a remote environment.An organization’s operating environment consists of all relevant forces outside the organization and is composed of an operating environment and a remote environment. Remote environment Remote environment An organization’s remote environment consists of all relevant outside forces and conditions that are beyond the organization’s direct control. An organization’s remote environment consists of all relevant outside forces and conditions that are beyond the organization’s direct control.

18. Strategic-planning model Strategic planning the act of plotting the general long-term direction of the firm. Strategic planning the act of plotting the general long-term direction of the firm. Strategic planning is most identified with top-level executives, knowledge of strategic plan and the strategic planning process can be useful to managers and workers ay any level. Strategic planning is most identified with top-level executives, knowledge of strategic plan and the strategic planning process can be useful to managers and workers ay any level.

19. Strategic-planning model Strategic planning can be beneficial to the organization in a number of ways like Strategic planning can be beneficial to the organization in a number of ways like It forces management to anticipate the future and direction for the organization.It forces management to anticipate the future and direction for the organization. Strategic plans have an impact on the entire organization.Strategic plans have an impact on the entire organization. Strategic plans provides benchmarks that help the organization assess its progress and effectiveness in reaching long-term goals.Strategic plans provides benchmarks that help the organization assess its progress and effectiveness in reaching long-term goals.

20. Strategic-planning model Strategic planning is an organization's process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy, including its capital and people. Various business analysis techniques can be used in strategic planning, including SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats ), PEST analysis (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological), (Socio-cultural, Technological, Economic, Ecological, and Regulatory factors), and EPISTEL (Environment, Political, Informatics, Social, Technological, Economic and Legal). Strategic planning is an organization's process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy, including its capital and people. Various business analysis techniques can be used in strategic planning, including SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats ), PEST analysis (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological), (Socio-cultural, Technological, Economic, Ecological, and Regulatory factors), and EPISTEL (Environment, Political, Informatics, Social, Technological, Economic and Legal).organizationstrategySWOT analysisPEST analysisorganizationstrategySWOT analysisPEST analysis

21. Strategic-planning model

22. Mission Mission of any firm is a statement of interest. Mission of any firm is a statement of interest. Mission of any organization is an important piece of information to management on all levels. Mission of any organization is an important piece of information to management on all levels. an operation that is assigned by a higher headquarters; "the planes were on a bombing mission" an operation that is assigned by a higher headquarters; "the planes were on a bombing mission"

23. Company profile The profile of a company is what a firm would see if it could look at itself objectively in mirror. The profile of a company is what a firm would see if it could look at itself objectively in mirror. SWOT analysis SWOT analysis Self analysis of all functional area of business. Self analysis of all functional area of business. Formal reviews. Formal reviews. Management audit. Management audit.