1. The Civil War Classroom Presentation CICERO © 2010 CICERO History Beyond The Textbook

2. Interactive Guide the Civil War Diagrams Picture Prompt Now and Then CICERO © 2010 History Beyond The Textbook CICERO

3. The Civil War Main Menu CICERO © 2010 History Beyond The Textbook CICERO

4. Causes Main Menu CICERO © 2010 History Beyond The Textbook CICERO The North believed no state had the right to secede from the Union; the South believed there was nothing to prevent secession. Although most Southerners did not own slaves, slavery led to the Civil War. Expansion of slavery into the territories was an explosive issue. The South’s economy centered around the production of cotton, but the North had a widely varied economy that was becoming increasingly industrialized. The Southern economy relied on slave labor; the economy of the North did not. When Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States in 1860, Southerners believed Lincoln would abolish slavery as soon as possible.

5. Effects Main Menu CICERO © 2010 History Beyond The Textbook CICERO The United States was reunited after four years of war and the death of more that 600,000 soldiers. Military rule was imposed on the South, and Southern states were required to apply for readmission to the Union. The federal government was now the supreme authority in the United States. The Civil War, which had been fought primarily in the Confederacy, devastated the South. Cities such as Atlanta, Georgia, were burned to the ground. Railroads throughout the South were destroyed. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery. The Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship to African Americans. The Fifteenth Amendment granted African American men the right to vote. African Americans held political offices in many Southern states until Reconstruction ended in 1877.

6. Diagrams Secession Reconstruction Main Menu CICERO © 2010 History Beyond The Textbook CICERO

7. Cause: Lincoln is elected President of the United States in 1860. Main MenuDiagrams CICERO © 2010 History Beyond The Textbook CICERO

8. Cause: Lincoln is elected President of the United States in 1860. Effect: Southern states secede from the Union. Main MenuDiagrams CICERO © 2010 History Beyond The Textbook CICERO

9. Cause: Lincoln is elected President of the United States in 1860. Effect: Southern states secede from the Union. Effect: Southerners prepare for war. Main Menu Diagrams CICERO © 2010 History Beyond The Textbook CICERO

10. Cause: Lincoln is elected President of the United States in 1860. Effect: Southern states secede from the Union. Effect: Southerners prepare for war. Effect: Lincoln calls for volunteers to put down the rebellion. Main MenuDiagrams CICERO © 2010 History Beyond The Textbook CICERO

11. Cause: Lincoln is elected President of the United States in 1860. Effect: Southern states secede from the Union. Effect: Southerners prepare for war.. Effect: Lincoln calls for volunteers to put down the rebellion. Effect: Union and Rebel forces clash at the Battle of Bull Run on July 21, 1861. Main MenuDiagrams CICERO © 2010 History Beyond The Textbook CICERO

12. Reconstruction What was involved in the compromise to end Reconstruction? Main MenuDiagrams CICERO © 2010 CICERO History Beyond The Textbook

13. What was involved in the compromise to end Reconstruction? The 1876 presidential election between Rutherford Hayes and Samuel Tilden fails to produce a clear winner. Main MenuDiagrams CICERO © 2010 History Beyond The Textbook CICERO Reconstruction

14. What was involved in the compromise to end Reconstruction? The 1876 presidential election between Rutherford Hayes and Samuel Tilden fails to produce a clear winner. Southern Democrats agree to support Hayes if federal troops are removed from the South and Reconstruction ends. Main MenuDiagrams CICERO © 2010 History Beyond The Textbook CICERO Reconstruction

15. What was involved in the compromise to end Reconstruction? The 1876 presidential election between Rutherford Hayes and Samuel Tilden fails to produce a clear winner Southern Democrats agree to back Hayes if Federal troops are removed from the South and Reconstruction ends. Federal troops are removed from Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana. Main MenuDiagrams CICERO © 2010 History Beyond The Textbook CICERO Reconstruction

16. Now and Then Main Menu CICERO © 2010 History Beyond The Textbook CICERO Communication Ironclads Rapid Fire

17. Ironclads Main Menu Now and Then CICERO © 2010 History Beyond The Textbook CICERO The Civil War and the Union’s blockade of the South led the Confederates to build America’s first ironclad ship. In October 1861, the South unleashed three converted ironclads on the Union navy on the Mississippi River. These new ships stunned the Union officers, and the Union began construction of a fleet of ironclads. By 1862 the Union and Confederate navies had constructed even larger ironclads. These ships met in battle March 9, 1862. The long battle resulted in little damage to either side but caught the attention of the entire world. Today, ships based on the old ironclads are known as battleships. These battleships reached their height during World War I and also were known as dreadnoughts. Like the early ironclads, these ships were constructed from heavy steel armor and had rotating turrets as did the USS Monitor. Unlike the Monitor, these much larger battleships were equipped with up to ten, sixteen-inch guns that could fire a 3,000 pound projectile more than twenty miles. During the Gulf War in 1991, battleships equipped with cruise missiles fired the opening shots of the Gulf War.

18. Communication Main Menu Now and Then CICERO © 2010 History Beyond The Textbook CICERO During the Civil War, people used the telegraph to send messages to each other. This system relied on a series of poles strung with wire used to send pulses from one end to the other. Samuel Morse created a code, which used dots and dashes to form words. The Union and Confederacy used the telegraph to call for more soldiers or to relay enemy troop movements to their comrades. Today, American soldiers are equipped with high-tech radios and satellite telephones, which are wireless and allow soldiers to communicate with one another. In addition, devices allow soldiers to see activities on the battlefield from thousands of miles away. With the use of the Internet and other technology, soldiers also can communicate with their families.

19. Rapid Fire Main Menu Now and Then CICERO © 2010 History Beyond The Textbook CICERO Near the end of the Civil War, a new gun was invented that fired about two hundred rounds per minute. Compared with the average soldier’s weapon which was fired up to five rounds per minute, it was overwhelmingly superior. Although the Gatling gun saw little action during the Civil War, it was the first machine gun and led to the development of even more powerful machine guns. Today, the military still uses the basic principles of the Gatling gun. The A-10 Warthog is built around a Gatling gun that fires armor- penetrating shells at a rate of 1,800 rounds per minute. This gun can destroy a tank with just a short burst of fire. The navy also uses a type of Gatling gun to defend its warships from incoming planes or missiles; this weapon is the Phalanx CIWS (Close-In Weapon System).

20. Picture Prompt Tragic Prelude Main Menu CICERO © 2010 History Beyond The Textbook CICERO

21. Picture Prompts CICERO © 2010 History Beyond The Textbook CICERO Tragic Prelude John Steuart Curry, 1942 What does this picture represent?

22. Picture Prompts CICERO © 2010 History Beyond The Textbook CICERO Tragic Prelude John Steuart Curry, 1942 What does this picture represent? the Norththe South