1. Introduction to the Economy of Mongolia Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology Science and Technology 1

2.  Country profile  Mongolian economy highlights  Main industries  Economic data 2010-2014  Export and Import in 2014  Member organizations  Economic situation  References 2

3.  Area:  Area: 1,565.00 sq.km (slightly smaller than Alaska)  Population:  Population: 3 million (as of 2015) (138th)  Density:  Density: 4.97 sq. mi  Location:  Location: Central Asia, between Russia and China  (landlocked – 2ond in the world)  Capital city:  Capital city: Ulaanbaatar (45% of the population live in UB)  Language:  Language: Mongolian, Kazakh, Russian, English  Currency:  Currency: Togrog (MNT) 1USD = 1993.26 (by Mongol bank rate as of 22 Oct, 2015)  Political system:  Political system: Parliamentary Republic 3

4. FlagCoat of arms Land 19 th in the world 21Provinces (Aimag) 6 th in Asia Density: 1.9 4

5. Economic activity in Mongolia has traditionally been based on herding and agriculture. Mongolia has extensive mineral deposits (oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron) Since 1990, Mongolia has successfully transitioned into a market-oriented economy from centrally- planned economy 5 Estimated value: 1.3 trillion USD www.invest-mongolia.apip.com

6. Mongolia's extensive mineral deposits and attendant growth in mining-sector activities have transformed Mongolia's economy, which traditionally has been dependent on herding and agriculture. Mongolia's copper, gold, coal, molybdenum, fluorspar, uranium, tin, and tungsten deposits, among others, have attracted foreign direct investment (FDI) Although the poverty rate improved to 21.6% in 2014 from 27.4% in 2012, many people remain vulnerable, as does the economy as a whole, to risks stemming from downward pressure on commodity prices, fluctuating production expected from Oyu Tolgoi and other mines, severe weather that affects crops and livestock, and uncertainty regarding the authorities’ success in maintaining tight macroeconomic policies. Mongolia’s economic growth decelerated from 7.8% in 2014 to 3.0% in the first half of 2015. Growth is now projected to bottom out at 2.3% in 2015, before an uptake to 3.0% in 2016. 6 www.adb.org/countries/mongolia/economy

7. ConstructionConstruction materialsMining (coal, copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, tin, tungsten, gold)OilFood and beveragesProcessing of animal productsCashmereNatural fiber manufacturing 7

8. 8www.focus-conomics.com

9. 9www.focus-economics.com

10. 10www.focus-economics.com

11. 11www.focus-economics.com

12. 12www.focus-economics.com

13. 13www.focus-economics.com

14. Copper ores and concentrates 2,574,706.13 million Bituminous coal, not agglomerated 834,090.22 million Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous 634,611.36 million Non-agglomerated iron ores and concentrates 446,378.14 million Gold 405,234.22 million 14www.wits.worldbank.org

15. China 87.80% US$ 5,070 million UK 6.91% US$ 399 million Switzerland 0.49% US$ 28 million Italy 0.89% US$ 51 million Russian Federation 1.07%US$ 62 million 15www.wits.worldbank.org

16. Petroleum oils, (excl. crude); preparation etc US$ 1,154,614.17 million Electrical energy US$ 130,021.83 million Automobiles nes including gas turbine powered US$ 92,958.41 million Portland cement (excl. white) US$ 87,466.25 million Bars & rods US$ 81,283.30 million 16www.wits.worldbank.org

17. China 33.20% US$ 1,699 million Japan 7.16% US$ 367 million Republic of Korea 6.83% US$ 351 million USA 4.23% US$ 217 million Russian Federation 29.92% US$ 1,535 million 17www.wits.worldbank.org

18. IMF (1991) WB (1991) ADB (1991) WTO (1997) ASEAN Regional Forum (1998) SCO (observer) G77 (1989) UN (1961) Asia Cooperation Dialogue (2004) ASEM (2006) EBRD (2000) IFC (1991) 18www.infomongolia.com

19.  The budget deficit may reach 1 trillion tugrik ($500 million) this year, almost double the level of 600 billion tugrik in the first eight months of 2015, Finance Minister Bolor Bayarbaatar said.  Mongolia’s economy relies heavily on mineral extraction, so the recent drop in commodity prices, added to the economic slowdown in China and falling interest by foreign investors in dealing with see-sawing government policy has hit it hard.  After several years of economic boom, including a 17.5 percent economic growth rate in 2011, Mongolia's economy went into a nosedive as commodity prices faltered. Foreign direct investment plummeted by more than 70 percent from 2013 to 2014.  Another factor keeping investors away are the pitfalls of Mongolia's mining industry including official delays and environmental concerns. The authorities attempted to break the stalemate through a national text-message referendum.  A deal to develop the huge Tavan Tolgoi coal mine is dormant, with China’s slower growth at least partly to blame, Reuters reports.  The estimated value of Mongolia’s resource wealth is approximately US$1.3trillion. 19www.tol.org

20.  www.wikipedia.org www.wikipedia.org  www.cia.gov www.cia.gov  www.nso.mn www.nso.mn  www.adb.org www.adb.org  www.wb.org www.wb.org  www.imf.org www.imf.org  http://www.focus-economics.com/countries/mongolia http://www.focus-economics.com/countries/mongolia  http://wits.worldbank.org/countrysnapshot/MNG/textview http://wits.worldbank.org/countrysnapshot/MNG/textview  http://www.infomongolia.com/ct/ci/261/ http://www.infomongolia.com/ct/ci/261/  www.google.com www.google.com  http://www.tol.org/client/article/25058-global-trends-hit- mongolian-economy.html http://www.tol.org/client/article/25058-global-trends-hit- mongolian-economy.html http://www.tol.org/client/article/25058-global-trends-hit- mongolian-economy.html  www.indexmundi.com › Factbook › Countries › Mongolia 20

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