1. Marking the Text

2. Fold a Piece of Paper into 4’s with a “Diamond” in the Middle Prereading Prereading Marking the Text Evidence Marking Margin Marking

3. What is Prereading?

4. Prereading Prereading are the things we do before we read to better prepare ourselves and gain better comprehension. Prereading are the things we do before we read to better prepare ourselves and gain better comprehension.

5. How Do we Preread? Establish a reading purpose (why are we reading this?) Establish a reading purpose (why are we reading this?) Make Predictions Make Predictions Read author’s background info/bias? Read author’s background info/bias? Circle unknown vocabulary (if needed) Circle unknown vocabulary (if needed) # pars. # pars.

6. What is Marking the Text?

7. Marking the Text An active reading strategy that asks students to identify information in the text that is relevant (relates to) the reading purpose. An active reading strategy that asks students to identify information in the text that is relevant (relates to) the reading purpose. It has 3 distinct marks 1) Numbering Paragraphs 1) Numbering Paragraphs 2) Underlining 2) Underlining 3) Circling 3) Circling USE PENCIL USE PENCIL

8. (Marking the Text) What Do I Circle? Key Terms Key Terms Names of People/Places Names of People/Places Dates/Statistics Dates/Statistics Repeated Words Repeated Words Vocabulary Vocabulary

9. Marking the Text What Do I Underline? Underline an author’s claim Underline an author’s claim Counterarguments Counterarguments Underline information that is relevant (relates to the topic) to the reading purpose Underline information that is relevant (relates to the topic) to the reading purpose Definitions and explanations Definitions and explanations Items you are going to (or could) use for quotes in your own writing. Items you are going to (or could) use for quotes in your own writing.

10. (Marking the Text) What is a Claim? Statement(s)/ argued or stated by the author Statement(s)/ argued or stated by the author Claims are OPINION based Claims are OPINION based A claim can be found anywhere in the article A claim can be found anywhere in the article A claim may not be directly written in the article A claim may not be directly written in the article

11. (Evidence Marking) What do I bracket? Bracket Evidence Bracket Evidence (Information that supports the authors main ideas)

12. Evidence Marking Different Types of Evidence 1. Personal Experience (anecdotes/stories/writers self or others/commentary) 1. Personal Experience (anecdotes/stories/writers self or others/commentary) 2. Statistic/Reason/Fact/Logic/Data 2. Statistic/Reason/Fact/Logic/Data 3. Allusion (Reference to Historical Event or Well Known Person) 3. Allusion (Reference to Historical Event or Well Known Person) 4. Authority/Quotes ( expert information; testimonials) 4. Authority/Quotes ( expert information; testimonials) 5. Examples/Quotes (Specific cases; draw parallels) 5. Examples/Quotes (Specific cases; draw parallels) 6. Analogy (comparison…like a long simile) 6. Analogy (comparison…like a long simile) 7. Hypothetical Situation (Say… What if… Imagine… Suppose…) 7. Hypothetical Situation (Say… What if… Imagine… Suppose…) 8. Commentary (comments from author or others) 8. Commentary (comments from author or others) * Ethos, Logs, Pathos * Ethos, Logs, Pathos

13. Evidence Marking [ bracket] & label evidence 1. Personal Exp. (anecdotes/stories) 2. Statistic/Fact 3. Allusion (historical reference) 4. Authority (expert info) 5. Examples/quotes 6. Analogy (comparison…like a long simile) 7. Hypothetical Situation * Ethos, Logs, Pathos

14. What do I Write in The Margins?

15. (Margin Marking) What to Write in the Margins 1. Visualize (non-linguistic representations) 1. Visualize (non-linguistic representations) 2. Summarize (describe what author is doing) 2. Summarize (describe what author is doing) 3. Clarify (define key terms, paraphrase, etc) 3. Clarify (define key terms, paraphrase, etc) 4. Connect (how does it relate to me or world) 4. Connect (how does it relate to me or world) 5. Respond (to ideas, arguments, claims, etc) 5. Respond (to ideas, arguments, claims, etc) 6. Question (what is author saying?, what do I understand, what is purpose, etc) 6. Question (what is author saying?, what do I understand, what is purpose, etc) 7. Chart the Text (what author is saying/doing) 7. Chart the Text (what author is saying/doing)

16. Fold a Piece of Paper into 4’s with a “Diamond” in the Middle Charting Charting Argument Statement Rhetorical Précis Socratic Seminar

17. What is Charting the Micro- Structure? Distinguish between what the author is saying (the what) and doing (author’s actions) in a par. Distinguish between what the author is saying (the what) and doing (author’s actions) in a par. Saying ?s: what is this section about?, what info is being presented?, mini summary of what is being said, etc Saying ?s: what is this section about?, what info is being presented?, mini summary of what is being said, etc Doing ?s (begin w/ VERB): Giving an example, interpreting data, summarizing research, etc Doing ?s (begin w/ VERB): Giving an example, interpreting data, summarizing research, etc

18. Sample VERB’s (What is the Author Doing?) 12 Power Words: 12 Power Words: Trace Trace Analyze Analyze Infer Infer Evaluate Evaluate Formulate Formulate Describe Describe Support Support Explain Explain Summarize Summarize Compare Compare Contrast Contrast Predict Predict Acknowledging Arguing Asserting that Clarifying Comparing/Contrasting Classifying Conveying Discussing Highlighting Introducing Providing Proving/Supporting Suggesting

19. Saying & Doing “Of all the sobering facts in The Post series on childhood obesity, this one stood out: ‘For the first time in history, American children could have a shorter life span than their parents.’ In just two decades, obesity has become an epidemic touching every stratum of society. “ Saying: (Example) Childhood obesity has become an epidemic in America and parents may outlive their children. Doing : (Example) Providing a direct quotation from a research project on childhood obesity.

20. Saying & Doing Example 2 According to acting Surgeon General Steven Galson, the prevalence of obesity has tripled among children ages 6-11 since 1980. A 2000 report from the Centers for Disease Control and prevention revealed that the average weight for 10 year-old boys and girls is 11 pounds more than it was in 1963. As post writer Levin reported, almost a quarter of children through age 17, and more than a third of 2-5 year-olds are considered obese. According to acting Surgeon General Steven Galson, the prevalence of obesity has tripled among children ages 6-11 since 1980. A 2000 report from the Centers for Disease Control and prevention revealed that the average weight for 10 year-old boys and girls is 11 pounds more than it was in 1963. As post writer Levin reported, almost a quarter of children through age 17, and more than a third of 2-5 year-olds are considered obese. Saying: (Example) “Research from various sources point to an increase in childhood obesity. The average weight among children ages 6-11 has increased.” Doing: (Fill out the “Doing” on your own)…..

21. Saying & Doing Example 3 “ The extra weight devastates health. Type 2 diabetes has increased tenfold among children and teens, and gallbladder disease has tripled in children ages 6 to 17. That’s on top of the increased risk of asthma, high blood pressure and heart disease.” “ The extra weight devastates health. Type 2 diabetes has increased tenfold among children and teens, and gallbladder disease has tripled in children ages 6 to 17. That’s on top of the increased risk of asthma, high blood pressure and heart disease.” Saying: (Complete this on your own) Doing: (Complete this on your own)

22. What is an Argument Statement?

23. Argument Statement Step 1: Introduce the text, the author, and provide comments about the author or text Step 1: Introduce the text, the author, and provide comments about the author or text Step 2: Paraphrase or directly quote the author’s main claim (use a verb) Step 2: Paraphrase or directly quote the author’s main claim (use a verb) Example: In the expository article “The Drug that Pretends it Isn’t,” Anna Quindlen-a Pulitzer Prize- winning journalist and novelist argues that “booze and beer are not the same as illegal drugs; They’re worse” (par. 4). Example: In the expository article “The Drug that Pretends it Isn’t,” Anna Quindlen-a Pulitzer Prize- winning journalist and novelist argues that “booze and beer are not the same as illegal drugs; They’re worse” (par. 4).

24. How is an Argument Statement Different From a Thesis?

25. Thesis A Thesis is your DIRECT and STRONG statement which clearly provides your view-point on a subject. A Thesis is your DIRECT and STRONG statement which clearly provides your view-point on a subject. Students should be strip searched for illegal items such as drugs or weapons only under probable cause, and after notifying the legal guardian, for the safety of all other students and staff members. Everyone must be educated about the environments limited resources and the mass destruction society has created in order to take a step in conserving the planet and the welfare of mankind.

26. How to Write an Argument Statement Step 1: Introduce the text, the author, and the main idea of the text. Step 1: Introduce the text, the author, and the main idea of the text. Step 2: Paraphrase OR directly quote the author’s main claim (use a verb) Step 2: Paraphrase OR directly quote the author’s main claim (use a verb) In her expository article “The Drug that Pretends it Isn’t,” Anna Quindlen-a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and novelist argues that “booze and beer are not the same as illegal drugs; they’re worse” (par. 4). [Direct Quote] In her expository article “The Drug that Pretends it Isn’t,” Anna Quindlen-a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and novelist argues that “booze and beer are not the same as illegal drugs; they’re worse” (par. 4). [Direct Quote]

27. Rhetorical Precis

28. A rhetorical précis is a concise summary of an argument which demonstrates comprehension of complexities and nuances. A rhetorical précis is a concise summary of an argument which demonstrates comprehension of complexities and nuances. Part 1: Introduce the writer/speaker, the text and the central claim Part 1: Introduce the writer/speaker, the text and the central claim Part 2: Explain how the author develops/advances the argument Part 2: Explain how the author develops/advances the argument Part. 3: State the author’s purpose Part. 3: State the author’s purpose Part 4: Describe intended audience and the author's relationship to the audience Part 4: Describe intended audience and the author's relationship to the audience Part 5: Explain the significance Part 5: Explain the significance