1. Smith

2. Functions Bone and teeth development Essential for lactating animals and laying hens Nerve and muscle function Maintain acid-base balance of body fluids Sources Grains, grain by-products, straw, dried manure, grasses, protein supplements from plants Forages (grasses, legumes) Fish meal, milk, citrus pulp

3. Functions Bone and teeth growth and development Appetite Milk and egg production Reproduction Sources Feeds such as wheat bran, meat scraps, fish meal, dried skim milk Legume and grass pastures Cereal grains and by-products Mineral supplements

4. Functions Maintain osmotic pressure in body cells Maintain neutral pH level in body tissues Muscle and nerve activity Formation of hydrochloric acid in digestive juices Sources Hay salt (loose) Salt block

5. Functions Osmotic pressure Maintain acid-base balance of body fluids Muscle activity Carbohydrate digestion Sources Forages Grains and concentrates

6. Functions Activate enzyme systems in body Proper maintenance of nervous system Carbohydrate digestion Utilization of zinc, phosphorus and nitrates Normal skeletal development Sources Most rations contain enough Can be mixed with salt or supplement If diet is low, magnesium will be pulled from bones

7. Lack of appetite Reduced growth Weakness Diarrhea Stiffness Low rate of gain Rickets