1. PACS 2500 Introduction to Peace and Conflict Studies Guy Burgess Co-Director Conflict Information Consortium, University of Colorado UCB 580, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0580, (303) 492-1635 burgess@colorado.edu burgess@colorado.edu Copyright © 2014 Guy Burgess and Heidi Burgess

2. Test #1

3. Study Questions

4. Temporary Page Access Extended Through Test #1

5. Online Textbook Voucher You can e-mail voucher numbers with urgent contact form. I will work with you if you are encountering financial difficulties. $40.00

6. Test 50% 2 Mid-Terms / Final Notes page allowed Study questions – List – Define – Apply “Wildcard” questions Slightly cumulative final 50 minute tests “Curved” grading

7. More Information about the Test  Five representative questions selected from study questions.  Three-part answer rule applies to all questions  List the major points  Demonstrate that you understand the major points  Apply and explain why those ideas are important  50 min. / 1:05 min. format  Notes page rules  2 pages – small type okay – you really need this!  Do your own notes page  Hand in your notes

8. Sample Answers

9. Bring Blue Book Come if you forget

10. Don’t Forget Your Notes Page

11. Review Session on Tuesday ?

12. Liberals Vs. Conservatives

13. Red/Blue – A Useful Oversimplification http://www.people- press.org/2014/06/26/the- political-typology-beyond- red-vs-blue/

14. Liberal Conservative Differences http://www.journalism.org/20 14/10/21/political- polarization-media-habits/

15. Boulder, Another One Party Town

16. Conservative Scholar

17. Demise of Local Political Reporting

18. Hidden Persuaders II http://www.economist.com/node/21530076

19. Wag the Dog http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNo0BicRM8k

20. Koch Brothers http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/27/us/politics/kochs-plan-to-spend- 900-million-on-2016-campaign.html

21. Campaign Finance http://www.propublica.or g/article/campaign- finance-free-for-all-how- we-got-to-this-point

22. Political Selection  Political selection  “Survival of the fittest”  Survival of the most powerful  If one side does it the other has to do it  Since they all do it, it’s a non issue  Folks who don’t do it, you never hear from Charles Darwin

23. California Non-Partisan Primaries New York Matching Funds Program

24. The Big Conflict: Is government the solution or the problem?

25. Free Markets Ayn Rand Alan Greenspan Anti-Government

26. Adam Smith The Invisible Hand Creative Destruction Anti-Government

28.  Ronald Reagan  Grover Norquist Scapegoating Government “Government Is the Problem Not the Solution”

29. Excuses vs. Reasons Privatizing Profits Upside profits go to highly leveraged investors Socializing Risks Downside loses go to taxpayers with bailouts Corporate Welfare Government Bailout & “Moral Hazard”

30. Trust in Government http://www.gallup.com/poll/175790/americans-trust-executive-legislative-branches- down.aspx?utm_source=alert&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=syndication&utm_content=morelink&utm_term =Politics

31. Help the “Invisible Hand” Coontrol the “Invisible Fist” Adam Smith Kenneth Boulding Policies of social organization based purely on self-interest (and greed) have failed! They must be balanced with civic- minded policy making. Pro-Government

32. Level the Playing Field

33. Limit Matthew’s Law “To whomsoever hath, to him shall be given” Kenneth Boulding Pro-Government

34. Manage the Commons

35. Pro-Government Avoid the Posterity Trap “What has posterity ever done for me?”

36. Pro-Government Limit the Bubbles

37. Assure a Common History http://www.pbs.org/moyers/journal/04242009/watch.html Pro-Government Watergate Pecora Hearings

38. Conflict Arenas Negotiation Legal action Political action Moral competition Economic competition Military confrontation Conflict Actors / Interveners Grassroots Citizens Third SidersProfiteers Competing Interest Groups & Leaders Altruistic & Selfish Motives Altruistic Interveners Self-Interested Interveners Competing Interest Groups & Leaders Altruistic & Selfish Motives Grassroots Citizens Mid-Level Activists 3 rd Party 2 nd Party

39. Beyond the Invisible Fist A Very Large-Scale Strategy for Promoting More Constructive Forms of Competition and Conflict The Red, Blue, Gold Divide Guy Burgess & Heidi Burgess Co-Directors Conflict Information Consortium, University of Colorado UCB 580, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0580, (303) 492-1635, burgess@colorado.eduburgess@colorado.edu Copyright © 2014 Guy Burgess and Heidi Burgess

40. Red/Blue Cultural and Moral Divide

41. Red, Conservative Cultural Beliefs Dominant, mainstream culture Culturally homogeneous Respect for tradition Respect for authority Subordination of oneself within the larger community Moral clarity (clear sense of right and wrong) Pride and patriotism Willingness to defend the group

42. Blue, Liberal / Progressive “Misfit” coalition originally composed of people alienated from mainstream society Culturally diverse Moral relativism and tolerance of multiple cultures More individualistically focused More critical of society Distrustful of authority Focused on mutual assistance

43. A 2 nd Dimension: Distributional Divide

44. Gold / Purple Divide The “99 %” The “1%” The “1%” of the “1%”

45. Plutocracy http://billmoyers.com/episode/full-show-plutocracy-rising/

46. The 1% vs. the 1% of the 1% http://mobile.nytimes.com/2014/08/31/nyregion/never-rich-enough.html?_r=1

47. Gold / Purple Divide Predatory Capitalists Machiavellian Politicians Successful Competitors The Less Competitive, The Unlucky, The Lazy The Less Materialistic

48. Gold / Purple 1%Divide Darwin Mother Teresa Adam Smith

49. Gold / Purple 1% of 1% Divide Machiavelli Ayn Rand Herbert Spencer

50. Gold / Purple 1% of 1% Divide

51. Three Conflicts Invisible Hand: Culture/Moral

52. Three Conflicts Invisible Hand: Distributional

53. Three Conflicts Invisible Fist

54. Divide and Conquer $ $

55. Divide and Conquer on the Left $ $

56. Divide and Conquer on the Right $ $

57. Coexistence Imperative

58. Beyond the Invisible Fist A Very Large-Scale Strategy for Promoting More Constructive Forms of Competition and Conflict Compromisers vs. Fighters Guy Burgess & Heidi Burgess Co-Directors Conflict Information Consortium, University of Colorado UCB 580, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0580, (303) 492-1635, burgess@colorado.eduburgess@colorado.edu Copyright © 2014 Guy Burgess and Heidi Burgess

59. Compromisers vs. Fighters: A Different Way of Thinking About Conflict Side A Side B Compromisers Side A FightersSide B Fighters Swing People

60. Population of Communities in Conflict Arrange Population in Order of Their Preferred Outcome to a Conflict

61. Traditional Two-Party View Side A Side B

62. Compromisers Side A Side B Compromisers

63. Side A Side B Compromisers Side A Fighters Fighters

64. Types of Fighters Side A Side B Compromisers Side A Fighters Swing People Tyrant Wannabes Frustrated Compromisers Altruistic Fighters Tyrant Wannabes Frustrated Compromisers Altruistic Fighters

65. Side A Side B Compromisers Side A Fighters Swing People

66. Side A Side B Compromisers Side A Fighters Swing People The central conflict is a battle between Compromisers & Fighters competing for the support of the Swing People Compromiser vs. Fighter Conflict ? ?

67. Invisible Hand Side A Side B Compromisers Side A Fighters Swing People Tyrant Wannabes Frustrated Compromisers Altruistic Fighters Tyrant Wannabes Frustrated Compromisers Altruistic Fighters Invisible Fist Invisible Hand

68. Powers Available to Invisible Fist Fighters Side A Side B Compromisers Side A Fighters Swing People Negotiation Legal Action Political Action Propaganda Economic Action Military Action Etc. Negotiation Legal Action Political Action Propaganda Economic Action Military Action Etc.

69. Compromiser Types / Powers Side A Side B Compromisers Powers Negotiation Moral Persuasion Types Principled Pragmatic Compromisers

70. Fighter Attacks on Compromiser Plus Sneak Attacks on Swing People Side A Side B Compromisers Side A FightersSide B Fighters Swing People Physically Attack the Compromisers (Sadat / Rabin) Morally Attack the Idea (It’s Wrong to Compromise One’s Values) Attack the Character (Courage) of the Compromisers Subtly Drive the Escalation Spiral (So You Can’t Be Blamed) Cultivate the Illusion of Invincibility and Certain Victory Hide / Discredit the Costs of War and the Benefits of Compromise

71. Inadequate Defenses for Compromise Side A Side B Compromisers Side A Fighters Swing People Inadequate No Physical Defense No Ability to Physically Challenge the Fighters Reluctance to “Call Them Out” Since Compromisers Want Their Support Hard to Expose Provocateurs Who Are Subtly Driving the Escalation Spiral Difficulty in Defending the Morality of Compromising One’s Values Taboos Against Questioning the Heroism of the Fighters Hard to Address the Risks of Double Cross

72. The Result: Fighting Not Compromise Side A Side B Compromisers Side A Fighters Swing People With Destructive / Hurting Stalemate With Leadership Role for Fighters or Conquest/Defeat and Oppression

73. Compromisers vs. Fighters: A Different Way of Thinking About Conflict Side A Side B Compromisers Side A FightersSide B Fighters Swing People http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/rachel-maddow-ballot-juggling-makes-midterm-races- unexpectedly-competitive/2014/09/21/7aa3a7e8-4021-11e4-b03f-de718edeb92f_story.html

74. The Civil War https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NnyeqyCiLdo

75. Guiding Principle: Compassion Karen Armstrong “That which is hurtful to you, do not do to others.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DCG4qryy1Dg 3 min.

76. Stop Fighting http://stop-fighting.crinfo.org/

77. Think About a Fight  Parents?  Roommates?  Siblings?  Teachers?  Community?

78. A.Hold your ground? Fight back and protect your interests? B.Overstate your case, so you have something to back down to later? C.Give in so as not to "make waves"? D.Take a "time out" to allow things to cool down? E.End the relationship (because if you fight like this over and over, it isn't worth the misery)? When you find yourself in a hole, stop digging!

79. A.Stand up for yourself and make sure the other person knows you won't tolerate disrespect from him or her? B.Apologize for statements said in anger that you didn't really mean, and try again to respectfully explain what you DID mean? C.Politely tell the other person how their attacks made you feel? D.Forgive and forget -- and move on?

80. A.Say it again, because the other person probably just wasn't listening or didn't understand? B.Listen to what the other person has to say first, and then respond? C.Talk about yourself -- don't talk about them? D.Talk around the problem -- don't focus on it directly? That’s too inflammatory.

81. A.Base the plan on agreed-to principles of fairness and justice? B.Agree to talk whenever someone is upset and come up with a collaborative solution? C.Agree that one person will be the "authority figure", though that person will listen to the other person's arguments and complaints? D.Agree to negotiate everything?

82. A.Try to convince your partner to do what you want? (You need to stand up for yourself.) B.Agree with your partner and do what he/she wants? (It’s not worth the fight.) C.Try to find out what your partner's underlying interests are (Why does he/she take the position that she does?) D.Try to trade off with your partner? (You do what he/she does sometimes and he/she does what you want other times.)

83. A.Avoid talking about the issue? B.Try to collect more facts so that you can persuade the other person that you are right? C.Try to get someone else to help you resolve the problem? D.Agree to disagree, but work to understand the other side?

84. `