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Ming and Qing China and Tokugawa Japan

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Presentation on theme: "Ming and Qing China and Tokugawa Japan"— Presentation transcript:

1 Ming and Qing China and Tokugawa Japan
AP World History Mr. Charnley Ming and Qing China and Tokugawa Japan

2 Ming Dynasty Zhu Yuanzhang Emperor Hongwu 14th century
Yuan dynasty military leader Civil war between military rebel leaders and Mongol rulers Emperor Hongwu Removed Mongol influence from China

3 Ming Dynasty Hongwu Emperor Neo Confucianism Civil Service System
Revival of Confucian philosophy Rejected Buddhist and Taoist influences of Confucianism Civil Service System Restored Confucian scholar-gentry Consolidated power Public punishment for corrupt officials Limited number of eunuchs in capital Exiled claimants to imperial throne Imperial marriages to women from peasantry

4 Ming Dynasty Hongwu Emperor Empowered peasantry Rise of scholar-gentry
Public works projects Land grants Rise of scholar-gentry Wealthy landholders and educated imperial officials Neo-Confucian social, gender, and familial roles

5 Ming Dynasty Economic prosperity Columbian Exchange Population growth
Maize Sweet potatoes Peanuts Population growth Doubled between 17th and 19th centuries International trade High demand for silk, tea, and ceramics Spanish and Portuguese silver imports Restricted foreign markets to Macao and Canton

6 Ming Dynasty Zhu Di 1403-1424 Exploration Public Works
Zheng He ( ) Demonstrated Chinese wealth, power, and technological superiority to Southeast Asia, Middle East, and East Africa Expeditions abandoned by government in favor of isolationism Public Works Forbidden City Great Wall

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9 Ming Dynasty Foreign influence Decline Christian Missionaries
Jesuits Sought to use European technology and science to win favor of emperor Matteo Ricci Decline Isolationism Weak leadership Corrupt bureaucracy and landowning aristocracy Fell in 1644 to Chinese rebels and Manchurian invaders

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13 Qing Dynasty Nurhachi Sinification Invasion Ming vassal
United Manchu tribes Sinification Bureaucracy Confucian ceremonies and rituals Chinese scholar-gentry Invasion Allied with Ming to help put down rebellion Captured Beijing and conquered China

14 Qing Dynasty Qing Dynasty Preserved Ming administration Emperor Kangxi
Civil service exams Neo-Confucianism Dual-administration = Manchu and Han officials for each position Emperor Kangxi Confucian scholar Commissioned the publishing of encyclopedias

15 Qing Dynasty Economy Public works projects Low taxation
Land grants to peasants Rise of landowning aristocracy Foreign trade Lifted Ming ban on foreign trade Imported silver Exported tea, porcelain, silk

16 Tokugawa Japan Japanese society Feudalistic Warlike Decentralized
Emperor Regent Shogun Bakufu Daimyo Warlike Decentralized Bushi Samurai Ronin Ninja

17 Tokugawa Japan Oda Nobunaga Member of Daimyo class
Adopted European firearms Acquired from Portuguese traders in 16th century Civil War Deposed Ashikaga Shogunate in 1573 Betrayed by vassals and killed

18 Tokugawa Japan Toyotomi Hideyoshi Loyal vassal of Nobunaga
Conquered Japan in 1590 Invasions of Korea Defeated in 1592 Died on campaign in 1598

19 Tokugawa Japan Tokugawa Ieyasu Won civil wars after death of Hideyoshi
Battle of Sekigahar (1600) Reorganized daimyo estates Named shogun by emperor in 1603 = Tokugawa Shogunate Moved capital to Edo (Tokyo) Emperor still resided in Kyoto Required Daimyo to live in Edo for part of the year as hostages

20 Tokugawa Japan Foreign Influence Trade Religion
Exported silver, copper, and pottery Imported firearms, printing presses, and clocks Religion Jesuit missionaries converted daimyo to Christianity Francis Xavier Nobunaga encouraged missionaries to weaken Buddhist monasteries Hideyoshi exiled missionaries and persecuted Christians Ieyasu banned Christianity in 1614

21 Tokugawa Japan Isolationism
1616 all foreigners were restricted to port cities 1630 Japanese ships could not trade or sail overseas 1640’s – only Dutch and Chinese could trade with Japan from island of Deshima near Nagasaki Banned foreign books School of National Learning Return to indigenous Japanese culture Anti-Confucianism

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