1. Parental Smoking and the Risk of Respiratory Symptoms Among Schoolboys in Al-Khobar City, Saudi Arabia Kasim Al-Dawood, M.B.B.S., F.F.C.M., M.Sc. (Epidemiol.), D.L.S.H.T.M. Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia

2. Al-Khobar City Asthma Study Cross-sectional survey Sample – 1550 Saudi boys in 4 elementary and 2 preparatory schools in Al-Khobar (random selection) Data – Self-administered, pretested, and precoded questionnaire directed to parents

3. “Questionnaire Diagnosed Asthmatic” (QDA) Any schoolboy whose parents responded to all of the following questions with “Yes” was considered to be a “Questionnaire Diagnosed Asthmatic” (QDA): 1.Has your child ever had an attack of wheezing? (Whistling noise that comes from chest). 2.Did your child get attacks of shortness of breath with wheezing? 3.Does the breathing of your child become normal in between attacks?

5. FATHER SMOKES MOTHER SMOKES QDAsthma OR 2.73 (95% CI 1.89, 3.94) OR 2.14 (95% CI 0.98, 4.29)

6. FATHER SMOKES EITHER SMOKES QDAsthma OR 2.73 (95% CI 1.89, 3.94) “All smoking mothers were married to smoking fathers.”

7. How do we interpret these coefficients?

8. Unadjusted 2.73 Father Smoking QD Asthma Cough

9. Question? Al-Khobar Study – Cross-sectional survey of 1482 Schoolboys 6-15 years of age – Questionnaire Defined Asthma Home smoking OR 2.73 (95% CI 1.89, 3.94) Bahrah Study – Case-control study 110 asthma cases presenting to PHCC 110 non-asthma controls Home smoking OR 0.96 (95% CI 0.53, 1.74) Why?