1. Susceptible Populations

2. Introduction Susceptible populations are those fractions of the population that are overly affected by a certain pathogen or illness/disease more so than other elements of the population.

3. Introduction These populations are susceptible because of socio-economic factors or environmental factors such as the ones discussed in class.

4. Genetics Some of the time, susceptibility is a product of genetics. Certain lineages of people are predisposed to getting certain illnesses and diseases due to the genetics/DNA. Allergies are due to genetics.

5. Aboriginal Canadians In Canada, as in most countries, native populations are deemed a susceptible population.

6. What makes Native Canadians a susceptible population? Certain cultural and social beliefs may isolate them from their non- native neighbours. They tend to live isolated from other communities and from public health services.

7. General factors affecting health of Aboriginal Canadians Poverty Lack of education Substandard housing Poor nutrition Lack of access to health care and other social services (from UNICEF – Leaving no child behind)

8. Residential schools These schools forcibly removed children from their families and communities into situations of abuse and other forms of maltreatment This has left a legacy of family, community, and cultural breakdown This has resulted in psychological disorders in those affected. http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2013/02/18/residential-schools-student- deaths.html http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2013/02/18/residential-schools-student- deaths.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s_V4d7sXoqU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VirdmvVAbIc

10. Psychological disorders Psychological disorders that are the result from the impact of residential schools may include/lead to: Depression Substance abuse/problems with addiction Mental illness Suicide All of these issues will all have a large impact on the public health of Aboriginal communities

11. Type 2 diabetes First Nations populations living on reserves have a rate of diabetes 3 to 5 times higher than other Canadians This is due to increase rates of obesity, physical inactivity, and unhealthy eating Diabetes is considered a pandemic amoung aboriginal people!

12. Safe drinking water As of January 31 st, 2013, there are 113 First Nations communities are under drinking water advisories (e.g. boil water or do not drink water) This environmental factor has a large impact on public health

13. Sub-Saharan Africa Another susceptible group of people are Sub-Saharan Africans.

14. Socio-economic factors: Poverty levels: many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa are the poorest in the world. This limits access to the necessities of life (food, clothing, shelter) Education: 32 million children are not in school (who should be), males get the privilege to attend school more than females *Africa holds some of the worlds deepest inequalities based on gender, location, and language

15. Environmental factors Tropical environment: Allows for a greater number of pathogens to exist and reproduce. Lack of rainfall (drought): means less fertile soil to grow crops of food (lack of food security) Clean drinking water: 345 million people in Africa lack access to clean drinking water

16. Life expectancy (stats from 2011) Arab World71 Caribbean small states72 East Asia & Pacific72 Euro area81 European Union80 Europe & Central Asia71 Latin America & Caribbean74 Least developed countries: UN classification 59 Middle East & North Africa72 OECD members80 Other small states59 Pacific island small states70 Small states63 South Asia66 Sub-Saharan Africa55 World70