2.  States = countries  Multinational corporations (MNCs)  Nations  Religious groups  Terrorist networks  Leaders, prominent individuals  Int’l coalitions  G7 (definitely ‘rich club’)  G20 (‘rich’ and emerging= 85% wealth) G20  OECD (mostly ‘rich club’) OECD ¤

4.  Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)  Global, regional IGOs  Monetary: IMF  Development: WB  Trade: GATT  WTO  Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) Global, regional, national, local  Representation by GS  Representation on behalf of GS ¤

5. Global North  Advanced Industrialized Countries  ~ 32 countries Global South  ~162 countries  = 83 % of world  Very diverse ¤

7. 5 Categories of the Global South

8. All non-GN countries= ~164 countries, 83% of world ~32 of quasi-states are emerging economies 138 of 194 states are lesser-developed = 67%

9. BRICS, others Majority >$10/day

10.  9= Emerging (Czech Rep., Slovakia, Slovenia, Poland, Hungary, Russia, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia)

11. US (GDP per capita=ranks 10th) at ~$54,000 Average GDP per capita of LDCs at $750  Burundi, Congo, Somalia at $200 GDP per capital  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28nominal%29_per_capita http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28nominal%29_per_capita Map based on info from www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/.../ldc_list.pdfwww.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/.../ldc_list.pdf

13. 39 countries  34 of those located in sub-Saharan AfricaAfrica Debt relief- HIPCs qualifyHIPCs qualify  36 accepted full or partial relief ~$72 B Reliance on single cash crops  Cotton accounts for 46% of Mali’s exports Cotton

14. Global NorthGlobal South IndustrializedFew industrialized Donors of foreign aidRely on foreign aid Well-developed physical infrastructure Poorly developed physical infrastructure Exporters of technologyRely on technology imports Economic diversity: merchandise & service Rely on primary resources Extract resourcesRely on GN to process raw goods Well-developed civil institutions Poorly-developed institutions

15. Political Security Economic Socio-cultural Environmental Health Energy Human rights Development ¤

16. Zero-sum Outcome Win/lose Positive-sum Outcome Win/win ¤