1. A Review of DNA, RNA, and Proteins The Basics of Life

2. Oh No, Not more Biochem!!! What are the monomers of the following polymers: –DNA –RNA –Proteins

3. Structure of DNA What are the three parts of a nucleotide? What are purines? What are Pyrimidines? Draw a nucleotide. Describe the appearance of a DNA molecule. What are the rungs? What are the uprights?

4. More on DNA The two strands of DNA are said to be antiparallel, What does this mean? Define the contributions of the following scientists: –Chargaff’s rules –Rosalind Franklin –Watson and Crick

5. DNA and Chromosomes Describe how a 1m of DNA is stored in the nucleus (10um) of cells. Why have histones changed very little during evolution? How many nucleotides are in the human genome?

6. DNA Replication What are the 4 stages of DNA replication? What enzyme is responsible for adding bases to the template strand? Matching –Replication forka) Strand that is made –When replication occursb) Strand that is copied –Complement strandc) Where rep occurs –Template strandd) S phase of Interphase –Proofreeds DNAe) DNA polymerase

7. RNA What does RNA stand for? What are the 3 parts to RNA? What are the 3 ways RNA differs from DNA? What are the 3 types of RNA? What do they do?

8. Protein Synthesis How does protein synthesis occur? –Transcription - Translation - Editing –Transcription - Editing - Translation –Translation - Editing - Transcription In the M&M example what do the following symbolize? –Your hands- You- One M&M –Chain of M&M’s- Mr. H- The instructions

9. Transcription and Editing What happens during transcription? What is the purpose of RNA? How is DNA converted into mRNA? What enzyme is involved in transcription? When mRNA is edited what are the pieces called that are removed? What are the pieces called that are kept?

10. Translation What happens during translation? T or F: There are 20 different kinds of tRNA. How long is a codon? What is a codon? What is rRNA and what is its role in ps? What is tRNA and what is its role in ps?

11. Protein Synthesis DNA: GCCGCTCGT mRNA: AA: What is the starting codon? What is the starting amino acid?

12. Mutations What are the three ways that DNA can mutate? What type of mutations are the following? –Normal DNA: GGTCGA –GGCCGA- GGTCCGA –GGCGA- GAGCTG Why are frameshift mutations almost always lethal? T or F: Point mutations ALWAYS change the protein.