1. DNA’s Structure

2. The Shape of DNA DNA has a shape called a Double Helix When flattened out it would look like a ladder.

3. DNA Made up of monomers called nucleotides

5. Nucleotides Have 3 parts: Phosphate group Sugar (deoxyribose) Nitrogen Base A,C,T,or G

6. A = Adenine T = Thymine A bonds with T C = Cytosine G = Guanine C bonds with G Those BASES come in 4 forms…

7. Why do they bond this way? Hydrogen bonds hold the bases together. (Weak bonds!!) C & G have 3 bonds A & T have 2 bonds

8. The Sugar Phosphate Backbone A sugar- phosphate backbone holds the rungs of the DNA together. Deoxyribose Sugar Phosphate Group

9. When DNA Copies itself… It’s called REPLICATION There are 2 enzymes that help this to happen. DNA Helicase DNA Polymerase

10. DNA HELICASE An enzyme that comes in and cuts the hydrogen bonds between the bases. It “unzips” the DNA. Helicase

11. DNA POLYMERASE An enzyme that comes in and proofreads the new bases that come in to form new DNA. It is known as the “proofreader”.

12. DNA Polymerase