1. Unit 4 Test Review

2. Question #1 What process does the diagram below represent? A. DNA replication B. Protein synthesis C. Cell division D. Nuclear division

3. Question #2 Looking at the diagram below, which molecule carries the anticodon? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5

4. Question #3 Looking at the diagram below, which molecule is coded directly from DNA? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5

5. Question #4 Which molecule is made when the process in the diagram below is completed? A. Nucleic acids B. Lipids C. Proteins D. Carbohydrates

6. Question #5 What is the name of the bond pictured in the diagram below? A. Hydrogen bond B. Ionic bond C. Peptide bond D. James bond

7. Question #6 Mutations in different species are not always harmful to the organism. Which of the following is a good example of a mutation that can help a species survive over time? A. A dog that has learned to stay away from an electrified fence B. A fly infected with parasites C. A cactus with no spines D. A cockroach resistant to pesticides

8. Question #7 The DNA of an ant and the DNA of an elephant are made up of: A. Subunits that are arranged in chains of the same length B. Subunits arranged in the same order C. Subunits with the same nitrogen bases but in different sequence in each species D. Subunits arranged with different nitrogen bases

9. Question #8 Looking at the diagram below, letter A is synthesized/transcribed based on a template found in: A. Amino acids B. RNA C. Helicase D. DNA

10. Question #9 Looking at the diagram below, which processes take place in the cytoplasm? A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 3, 4 and 5 C. 4 and 5 D. 3 only

11. Question #10 Looking at the diagram below, which processes take place in the nucleus? A. 4 and 5 B. 2 and 3 C. 1 and 2 D. 3 and 4

12. Question #11 Looking at the diagram below, process 2 is known as: A. Transcription B. Translation C. Replication D. Mutation

13. Question #12 Looking at the diagram below, process 1 is known as: A. Replication B. Translation C. Transcription D. Mutation

14. Question #13 Looking at the diagram below, process 3 is known as: A. Replication B. Mutation C. Translation D. Transcription

15. Question #14 The types of enzymes (proteins) made in a cell are based on: A. Location of the DNA molecule B. Shape of the DNA molecule C. Size of the nucleotides in DNA molecules D. Order of the nucleotides in DNA molecules

16. Question #15 Chromosomal mutations that happen in the sex cells (gametes) of humans can affect how the children look because: A. The mutation makes the development of the baby faster B. Many traits (characteristics) are affected C. Only one trait (characteristic) is affected D. They are on the sex chromosomes

17. Question #16 The chart below shows a comparison of species A with species B, C, D and E. What conclusion could you arrive at based on the information given? A. The environment influences how fast evolution takes place B. Less mutations took place in species B and C than in species A C. Species A is more related to species B than species E D. Species A and E are more similar in protein structure

18. Question #17 Which of the following diagrams illustrates a nucleotide? A. A B. B C. C D. D

19. Question #18 Some mutations in humans result in a person being born without important enzymes the body needs. Which of the statements below would NOT be an explanation of this event? A. A DNA base coding for the enzyme was removed B. A DNA base coding for the enzyme was substituted C. The wrong mRNA code caused the wrong protein to form D. The person lost a chromosome because of non-disjunction

20. Question #19 The enzyme that controls transcription is called: A. RNA polymerase B. DNA polymerase C. Transcriptase D. Replicatase

21. Question #20 Which of these changes to the RNA triplet (codon) CUC will affect the protein produced? A. UUA B. CUG C. AUU D. CUA

22. Question #21 What type of mutation would occur if the RNA codon GUU were changed to GUG? A. Deletion B. Silent C. Insertion D. Translation

23. Question #22 During protein synthesis, what is the role of the DNA molecule? A. To be a messenger B. To create substitutions C. To be the source of the genetic code D. To be the source of amino acids

24. Question #23 What would be the complementary strand to the following DNA strand AAATGGCCTT? A. UUUACCGGAA B. TTTACCGGAA C. TUTACGGGUU D. TTTUGGCCUU

25. Question #24 What is the importance of hydrogen bonds in the DNA molecule? A. Hydrogen bonds hold the twists in the DNA molecule B. Hydrogen bonds hold the sugar and phosphate together C. Hydrogen bonds are very strong and keep the molecule safe and secure D. Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds that allow DNA to unzip for replication

26. Question #25 Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of pyrimidines in DNA is about equal to the percentage of purines. A. True B. False

27. Question #26 What is the purpose of the process in the diagram below? A. To make a ribosome B. To make mRNA C. To change the DNA sequence D. To make an identical copy of the DNA molecule for cell reproduction

28. Question #27 Molecules of DNA are made of long chains of: A. Bases B. Amino acids C. Monosaccharides D. Nucleotides

29. Question #28 Chemical changes in the structure illustrated below happen because of: A. Changes in the environment B. Exposure to water C. High salinity levels D. Exposure to mutagenic agents

30. Question #29 The process in which new copies of DNA are made is called: A. Transcription B. Replication C. Translation D. Protein synthesis

31. Question #30 The enzyme that unwinds/unzips DNA is called: A. Helicase B. DNA polymerase C. RNA polymerase D. Intron

32. Question #31 Which of the following explanations determines the traits (characteristics) of an organism on the DNA molecule? A. Amount of purines and pyrimidines B. Strength of the hydrogen bonds C. Number of Deoxyribose sugars D. Sequence of the nitrogen bases

33. Question #32 When DNA is going to replicate, at which point must the DNA molecule separate? A. Between the nitrogen base pairs B. Between the sugar and phosphates C. Between any two chemical bonds D. Between every 10 th base pairs

34. Question #33 If a mutation is present in the gametes (sex cells) of an organism, where will this mutation most likely be transferred? A. To other organisms nearby B. To the mating partner of the organism C. To the siblings (brothers/sisters) of the organism D. To the offspring (“children”) of the organism

35. Question #34 A mutation was discovered in a population of bobcats in the Sonoran desert in Arizona. Using your knowledge of mutations and their impact on organisms, predict which of the following could be a result of this mutation: A. High rate of deaths of bobcats B. Bobcat population will have no changes C. Higher fertility rates in the affected bobcats D. All of the above are possible effects of a mutation

36. Question #35 The weakest bonds in a molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid is between the: A. Phosphate groups B. Deoxyribose sugars C. Nitrogenous bases D. Sugars and phosphates