1. Quality and Ethics in Health- Related Information Fernando Lolas Stepke Bioethics PAHO/WHO Fernando Lolas Stepke Bioethics PAHO/WHO

2. Levels of Cognitive Construction l Facts – Information l Data and news (meaningful information) l Knowledge (organized information) Formal knowledge Lay knowledge and beliefs l Wisdom (personal virtue)

3. Health-Related Literature l Scientific : Primary l Secondary l Tertiary l Non-scientific: Quaternary l News/Popular l Scientific : Primary l Secondary l Tertiary l Non-scientific: Quaternary l News/Popular

4. Data versus News l Specialized audience l Expert rhetoric l Impersonal l Truthfulness l General audience l Resources l Person-related l Novelty

5. Health Information as Public Good l Publicness in consumption l Publicness in net benefits l Publicness in decision making

6. FORMS of COMMUNITY Gemeinschaft l Social relations are ends in themselves l Face-to-face encounters l Retributive justice Gesellschaft l Social relations are means to achieve goals l Impersonal (moral imagination) l Distributive justice

7. ETHICAL ANALYSIS l Formulation l Justification of l Application l VALUES l PRINCIPLES l NORMS of

8. BIOETHICAL PRINCIPLES Respect for persons Beneficence Non Maleficence Justice OTHERS

9. Application of principles l Goal - based l Duty - based l Rights - based

10. QUALITY OF INFORMATION l Facts versus News distinction is relevant l Social interest is a key concept l Conflicts of interests should be considered l Trust is a diachronic good

11. KNOWLEDGE AND POWER l Knowledge is power l Power creates knowledge ? l Freedom “of” vs freedom “for” l Opinion engineering l Ethical sustainability may require prudence