1. Aggressive Nations Begin Their Assault

2. Changes in Japan 1920’s Japan Treaty signed with China Signed Kellogg-Briand Pact Parliamentary problems P.M. and cabinet were weak Civilian leaders did not control military, the emperor did Militarists take control Great Depression put blame on government Militarists gain support Return government to military control Emperor Hirohito retained as symbol of nationalism Wanted to expand empire to solve problems

3. Japanese Invasions Manchuria NE China Rich in iron and coal 1931 seized by Japan Mines and factories were immediately started Challenge to the League Japan ignores League Germany, Italy, and Japan are all in the League Japan drops out China Border incident sparks war Jiang Jieshi could not defeat the Japanese Better equipped and trained (westernization) Conquer Beijing and Nanjing Chinese set up new capital in west and continue to fight under Mao Zedong

4. The Invasion

5. Review Questions What problems did the Great Depression cause for the government of Japan? Why were the Japanese interested in capturing Manchuria? Why were the Japanese able to defeat a larger Chinese force?

6. Italy Moves Ethiopia Resisted Italians in 1890s Mussolini wants revenge October 1935 defeats the Ethiopians Italians had modern weapons, Ethiopians did not League condemns Italy but does nothing Hope to keep peace by giving in

7. Hitler Ignores Versailles Treaty Refuses to limit his army League could not stop him Actually makes Hitler more confident Rhineland Buffer between Germany and France Hitler invades despite warnings Appeasement Giving in to the opponent to keep peace Hitler would’ve given in if Britain would have stood up to him Strengthens Hitler’s prestige and power Opens up Belgium and France to Germany Axis Powers Formed Italy and Japan decide to join up with Germany

8. Taking the Rhineland

9. Review Question #2 Why was Mussolini so intent on taking over Ethiopia? Why was control of the Rhineland so important to Hitler? Describe how the British and French policy of appeasement contributed to Hitler’s aggressiveness.

10. The Spanish Civil War Francisco Franco Fascist leader starts civil war in Spain Hitler and Mussolini come to his aid Western democracies stay out of it Russia helps a little Franco wins and becomes dictator

11. The Final Steps U.S. was still Isolationist Passes Neutrality Acts The Third Reich March 1938 Germany annexes Austria France and Britain ignore pledge to protect Austria Sudetenland Area of Czech made up of German speakers Hitler demands rule of the area Czech’s ask for help Appeasement Round 2 Munich Conference Germany, France, Britain, Italy Neville Chamberlain British P.M. chooses appeasement Gives Germany Sudetenland if Germany would respect Czech border Winston Churchill Warns that appeasement would lead to war

12. Six Months Later March, 1938 Hitler takes Czechoslovakia Mussolini takes Albania Hitler demands Danzig port from Poland Doesn’t think Britain and France will risk war Hitler and Stalin sign nonaggression pact August 23 rd, 1939 No one is left to stop the Axis Powers

13. Review Questions #3 Why did Mussolini and Hitler want to help Francisco Franco? What steps were taken by Hitler and Mussolini to test the will of the British and French? Explain how the nonaggression pact between the Soviets and Germans proved to be the key to Hitler moving towards war.