1. opening montage clip

2. THE STORY BEHIND THE STORY Safety of Journalists

3. How can the law protect you? Who can help you? What risks do you face?

4. Safety of Journalists Close to the story - a risky business "If your pictures aren’t good enough, you aren't close enough…" Robert Capa, photojournalist

5. Safety of Journalists Close to the story - a risky business RISKS: targeted taken as hostage arrested/detained/tortured disappeared harassed "These are nightmarish times for those working in the news media… Journalists are being killed at an uneccaptable and unprecedented rate." Christopher Cramer, former war correspondent, president of CNN international networks, honorary president of INSI

6. Safety of Journalists How can the law protect you? TARGETED – RECENT EXAMPLE: …. journalists are civilians: cannot be targeted/attacked → if violated: war crime exceptions: military press (journalist is a combatant) if journalist takes direct part in hostilities

7. Safety of Journalists How can the law protect you? TAKEN AS A HOSTAGE RECENT EXAMPLE: …. (…..) → if violated: war crime

8. Safety of Journalists How can the law protect you? ARRESTED / DETAINED RECENT EXAMPLE: …. possible: a)related to the armed conflict, OR b)for security purposes release at the end of hostilities or when security reason no longer exists TORTURED humane treatment, with respect for dignity: prohibition of torture or humiliating and degrading treatment in international armed conflicts: military press members and war correspondents: protection of prisoners of war → if violated: war crime

9. Safety of Journalists How can the law protect you? DISAPPEAR RECENT EXAMPLE: …. human rights law: enforced disappearance is prohibited humanitarian law: all parties to the conflict must take all feasible measures to account for persons reported missing as a result of armed conflict and must provide their family members with any information it has on their fate → if violated: …..

10. Safety of Journalists How can the law protect you? CASE STUDY Belgrade Radio and Television station after NATO attack, 1999 ( or bombardment of the Palestine Hotel in Baghdad in 2003 OR the the Arab Al- Jazeera TV network in Kabul in 2002)

11. Safety of Journalists Who can help you? In trouble: Reporters Without Borders: SOS Press Hotline +33 1 4777 7414 ICRC Hotline for Journalists: +41 79 217 32 85 To prepare for missions: trainings Reporters Without Borders with French and Belgian Red Cross (safety, stress management, humanitarian law) ICRC (humanitarian law) National Red Cross/Red Crescent Societies (first-aid) readings Committee to Protect Journalists – “On Assignment – Covering Conflicts Safely" Reporters Without Borders – "Charter for the Safety of Journalists" "Handbook for Journalists" ICRC – „Staying Alive”

12. Safety of Journalists How can the law protect you? OPTIONAL Situations of violence other than armed conflicts Domestic law Human Rights Law –universal –regional –"soft-law" (incl. UNESCO Medellin Declaration)