2. The U.S. becomes an Industrial Giant

12. Industrial Revolution The First Industrial Revolution reached the United States in the early 1800s. Industry is the name given to business involved in manufacturing; transportation; and communications. Second Industrial Revolution was characterized by an increase in technology. Ex: Hand tools are replaced by factory machines, and farming is replaced by large- scale manufacturing.

13. Factors Encouraging Industrial Growth in the Late 19 th Century 1. Natural Resources An abundance of raw materials materials was one reason for the nation’s industrial success. Timber Coal Iron Copper American companies could obtain resources cheaply and did not have to import from other countries. The United States had enough iron ore and coal to provide raw materials for manufacturing. New Resource: Petroleum turned into Kerosene Discovery of oil.

14. Factors Encouraging Industrial Growth in the Late 19 th Century 2. Population Growth It stemmed from two sources: large families and a flood of immigrants. Growth provided industry with an abundant workforce and created greater demand for consumer goods. 3. Technology Technologies and inventions eased transportation and communication. They encouraged new industries which in turn produced more wealth and jobs.

15. New Technologies help nation grow With new farm equipment, Midwestern farmers grew food to feed Northeastern factory workers. Midwestern farmers became a market for Northeastern manufactured goods. The growth of the textile factories increased the demand for Southern cotton.

16. Factors Encouraging Industrial Growth in the Late 19 th Century 4. Role of Government Laissez-faire a policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the free market. A economic system with little or no government regulation is known as a free enterprise system.

18. Factors Encouraging Industrial Growth in the Late 19 th Century The policy encouraged industrialization in many ways: When an inventor created a new invention he registered it with the American government so no one else could create the same machine. This was called a patent, or a license for a new invention. Patents encouraged new inventionspatent Tariffs protected American Manufactured good Laws protected property and contracts Land grants encouraged railroad construction Government regulated currency & banks

19. Influence for the SIR First Industrial Revolution Great Britain introduced the use of steam power & mass production of goods in factories. U.S. first nation to follow Great Britain Railroad and steamboats led an expansion of raw cotton for export to British factories. Civil War Northern manufacturing doubled in the decade of the Civil War with the production of uniform, food, guns and other goods. Civil War Legislation encouraging economic growth such as the Homestead Act, Morrill Act, Pacific Railway Act made the expansion possible

20. Social Causes of the SIR Change from domestic (farming) to factory (industrial) system of production Farmers were leaving their agriculture (farm) way of life to the cities Many Europeans immigrated to the United States because of the American industries had plenty of jobs available

21. 21 Inventors and Inventions The Patent Office had never seen a year like 1897. Averages of nearly 60 patents, or licenses for new inventions, were being generated every day. The United States had become the land of invention. These inventions made life easier in American homes. There were inventions and improvements in every area. invention

22. Morse's invention speeded up communication in the United States. Speeding up Communication Better communication was important to American businesses. The telegraph helped quicken communication.telegraph Samuel Morse Samuel Morse invented the telegraph(like texting today) It wasn't until 1866, that the cable was completed and the first message was sent to Europe. It took weeks to get a message to Europe to arrive by boat. In 1858, Cyrus Field completed the layout for an underwater telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean.Cyrus Field

23. People no longer had to go to a telegraph office to send a message. Now they can talk on a telephone in their own home. The Telephone In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell, a teacher of the deaf, invented the first telephone.Alexander Graham Belltelephone Bell started the company called the Bell Telephone Company and made millions with his invention of the telephone.Bell Telephone Company

24. In 1876, Thomas Edison opened a laboratory in New Jersey. Edison has a new approach to inventing. He turned inventing into a system. He had teams of people refine his ideas and come up with an invention.Thomas Edison Electric Power Thomas Edison invented the light bulb, the phonograph, the movie projector, and batteries.light bulb, phonographmovie projectorbatteries

25. One of Edison's most important inventions was the creation of and electric power plant in 1882. Within a year Edison's invention was supplying electric power to homes and more power plants were built. Steam powered engines were soon replaced with safer electric motors.electric power plant It provided electricity for everyone.

26. 26 Elijah McCoy Elijah McCoy created a special device that oiled engines automatically in 1872. This device was widely used on railroad engines. African American Inventors Many African Americans contributed to the flood of inventions.

27. 27 Granville T. Woods Granville T. Woods found a way to send telegraph messages between moving trains.

28. 28 It was more readily available and affordable to railroad companies, more railroads were built throughout the U.S. As a result railroads laid lines of steel that would not rust easily and would last a long time. This caused the West to expand, cities to grow, and communication and transportation was forever changed for the better. In the late 1850's William Kelly and Henry Bessemer discovered a new way to make steel. It was called the Bessemer Process.. The Bessemer Process was a faster and cheaper way to make steel by blasting hot air through iron

29. With this development of the Bessemer process, steel mills sprang up all over the country. steel mills The steel mills brought jobs and prosperity to Pittsburgh. It also brought thick black smoke that covered the land called soot. The steel production made the rivers turn yellow from the pollution.pollution I am hot in here! PittsburghPittsburgh became the steel capital of the country.

30. Impact of the Railroads  Railroads spurred industrial growth by giving manufacturers a cheap way to transport material and finished products.  Railroad boom created hundreds of thousands of new jobs for both railroad workers and miners.  By making travel easier, railroads encouraged people to take distant city jobs.  Railroad encouraged growth; made westward expansion possible and helped develop the country  New towns developed along railroad lines

31. Henry Flagler Flagler was fascinated with Florida. He devoted his time to developing the Sunshine State. He built the Ponce de Leon Hotel (now Flagler College) a luxury hotel in St. Augustine. Later built luxury resorts in Palm Beach & Miami, forming the basis for Tourism in Florida

32. Flagler greatest impact was the railroad building in Florida. He was able to buy and build railroads connecting the entire length of Florida from Jacksonville to Miami and eventually all the way to Key West. He formed the Florida East Coast Railroad.

33. Florida East Coast Railroad The railroad brought tourists to fill his hotels, made it possible for Floridians to export their agricultural products and supplies, and settlers in Florida. Even helped Floridians ship exports to the Caribbean and beyond. Unfortunately, his railroad to Key West was destroyed by hurricane in 1935.

34. 1885

35. 1889

36. 1894

37. 1896

38. 1912 Flagler dies a year later

39. 1935

43. A new bridge (left) and the old bridge (right) at Channel Five between Craig Key and Long Key. By Cudjoe Key

44. This railway is still used everyday with only slight modifications. It no longer runs passengers. Instead it transports freight. Flagler’s contribution to the growth of Miami were so important that he was given the title as the “Father of Miami”

45. Technology changed the way that people lived. The End