1. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM Chapter 1 Section 2 Pages: 12 - 19

2. Objectives: *Describe the roles of the skeleton *Describe the structure and function of bone Skeleton: Your body’s framework; includes all of your Bones. *206 bones in an adult’s body. 5 Major Functions of the Skeleton: *Provides shape and support for the body *Enables you to move *Protects internal organs *Produces blood cells *Stores certain materials until you need them

3. Vertebrae: 26 small bones that make up your backbone. Joint: A place in the body where two bones come together. Movable Joints: Allow the body to make a wide range of movements. *Hinge Joint: knees and elbows *Ball-and-Socket Joint: Shoulder and Hip *Pivot Joint: Neck *Gliding Joint: Wrist and Ankle Immovable Joints: Connects bones in a way that allows little or no movement. (ex. Skull, joints of ribs to sternum)

4. Ligaments: Strong bands of connective tissue that holds Bone to bone. Cartilage: Connective tissue that is more flexible than Bone. Ex. *Nose *Ear *Cover on ends of bones for cushion Bone Structure: *Compact Bone: Hard, dense material nerves and blood vessels run through. *Spongy Bone: Has many small spaces within so it is light weight and strong *Marrow: A soft connective tissue in your bones

5. Red Marrow: Produces red blood cells Yellow Marrow: Stores fat Bone Strength: Bones are hard because they are made of tightly packed minerals – Phosphorous & Calcium **They are stronger than concrete and granite. Bone Growth: *Because your bone cells are alive, they form new bone tissue as you grow. *Bone tissue continues to form as bones absorb the force of your weight. *After a break, new bone tissue forms to close and repair the break.

6. Bone Care: A combination of a balanced diet and regular exercise can give you a lifetime of healthy bones. Healthy Diet: Meat, grains, & leafy greens = Phosphorous & Calcium Dairy Products = Calcium Exercise: Builds and maintains strong bones Prevents Osteoporosis Osteoporosis: A condition where bones lose mineral and become weak and break easily.