1. Chapter 5 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Texas History Section 1: Europeans Reach the Americas Main Ideas Explorer Christopher Columbus reached the Americas from Europe in 1492. The Spanish wanted to control the Americas to obtain gold, spread Christianity, and gain glory. In 1519 Hernán Cortés conquered the Aztec Empire. Question: What were the short and long-term effects of the Cortés expedition?

2. Chapter 5 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Texas History 1519 Cortés and his army sail to what is now Mexico. Short-Term EffectsLong-Term Effects increased Spain’s power established Mexico as a base from which Spain could launch explorations expanded Spain’s American empire, which covered much of North and South America by 1600 conquered the Aztec Empire killed or enslaved many Aztecs gained for Spain the Aztecs’ wealth and land built Mexico City on top of the ruins of Tenochtitlán, which became the capital of New Spain increased the empire and wealth of Spain

3. Chapter 5 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Texas History Main Idea 1: Explorer Christopher Columbus reached the Americas from Europe in 1492. Importance of Columbus’ Voyage Reached the unknown continent of the Americas Reached the Bahamas near North America

4. Chapter 5 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Texas History Main Idea 2: The Spanish wanted to control the Americas to obtain gold, spread Christianity, and gain glory. Why Spain Wanted to Conquer the Americas Land Power and wealth To spread Christianity

5. Chapter 5 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Texas History Main Idea 3: In 1519 Hernán Cortés conquered the Aztec Empire. Important 1519 Event and the Consequences Hernán Cortés, a Spanish explorer, conquered the Aztec empire Wealth and power of Spain increased Expanded the size of the Spanish empire Led to the founding of New Spain Mexico became a base of Spanish exploration

6. Chapter 5 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Texas History Section 2: The Spanish Explore Texas Main Ideas Pineda mapped the Texas coast in 1519. The Narváez expedition was shipwrecked on the coast of Texas, but few of its members survived. Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico traveled widely through Texas in search of a way back to Spanish lands.

7. Chapter 5 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Texas History Main Idea 1: Pineda mapped the Texas coast in 1519. Importance of Pineda’s Voyage to Texas First known European to see and map the Texas coast Led to further Spanish exploration of Texas

8. Chapter 5 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Texas History Main Idea 2: The Narváez expedition was shipwrecked on the coast of Texas, but few of its members survived. The Ending of the Narváez Expedition Shipwrecked along the Texas Coast Suffered from hunger and American Indian attacks Became stranded and ate horses to survive Captured and enslaved by the Karankawa Indians or died

9. Chapter 5 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Texas History Main Idea 3: Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico traveled widely through Texas in search of a way back to Spanish lands. Experiences of Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico in Texas Taken in by Texas Indians Escaped and traveled among Indian villages Worked as healers and gained Indians’ respect Reached Mexico City

10. Chapter 5 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Texas History Section 3: Searching for Cities of Gold Main Ideas Fray Marcos and Estevanico believed that they had found the fabled cities of gold called Cíbola. Coronado traveled through Texas and surrounding areas in search of gold and silver. The Moscoso expedition traveled through Texas on its way to Mexico but failed to find riches.

11. Chapter 5 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Texas History Main Idea 1: Fray Marcos and Estevanico believed that they had found the fabled cities of gold called Cíbola. Objectives Describe the events that occurred on Fray Marcos and Estevanico’s journey to Cíbola. Identify where Coronado went on his expedition and discuss what he learned. Evaluate the results of the Coronado and de Soto-Moscoso expeditions. Events on the Marcos and Estevanico Journeys Estevanico – reached a Zuni village and was killed Fray Marcos – saw villages from afar

12. Chapter 5 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Texas History Main Idea 2: Coronado traveled through Texas and surrounding areas in search of gold and silver. The Coronado Expedition Crossed the Texas Panhandle and the Llano Estacado Learned there was no gold; only Zuni Pueblo villages Saw American buffalo

13. Chapter 5 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Texas History Main Idea 3: The Moscoso expedition traveled through Texas on its way to Mexico but failed to find riches. Results of the Coronado and De Soto-Moscoso Expeditions Met the Texas Indians but did not find gold Coronado – explored the American Southwest and encountered Indians Moscoso – explored the American Southwest; encountered the Caddo Indians

14. Chapter 5 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Texas History Section 4: Consequences of Spanish Exploration Main Ideas Juan de Oñate founded the colony of New Mexico. Interaction between Europeans and American Indians changed both societies. The Columbian Exchange brought both devastating disease and useful horses to North America.

15. Chapter 5 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Texas History Main Idea 1: Juan de Oñate founded the colony of New Mexico. Significance of Onate’s Travels Found the first European settlement in the Spanish colony of New Mexico Traveled across the rugged and dry Texas Panhandle

16. Chapter 5 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Texas History Main Idea 2: Interaction between Europeans and American Indians changed both societies. Effects of Spanish Exploration Established a claim to Texas Gained knowledge about land and people of Texas Gained new plants and animals from the Americas Obtained a buffer zone between Spanish settlement and American Indians/Europeans to the north

17. Chapter 5 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Texas History Main Idea 3: The Columbian Exchange brought both devastating disease and useful horses to North America. Spain Profits from Its Texas Exploration Established a claim to Texas Gained knowledge about land and people of Texas The Columbian Exchange Obtained a buffer zone between Spanish settlements and American Indians Learned about the Plains Indian horse culture Columbian Exchange – term describing the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and other continents since the time of Columbus The Columbian Exchange and Its Effect on Indians Positive – led to a transfer of plants, animals between the Indians and Spanish Negative – led to the spread of diseases from Europe to the Americas