1. WAN and Remote Access Technologies Chapter 7

2. Topics WAN Technologies: Internet Access Technologies Remote Access Protocols and services Connections to servers

3. Remote Access Connection Configuration Requirements Two basic components: –A remote computer and –A remote access system on the network

4. Hardware Requirements Modem Configuring an Internal Modem –Understand IRQ, I/O, and COM ports

5. Modems Modulator/demodulator Converts analog signal into digital data Compatible with telephone system

6. V Dot Standards ITU Standard Speed V.329,600 bps synchronous; 4,800 bps asynchronous V.32 bis14.4 Kbps synchronous and asynchronous V.3428.8 Kbps V.34 bis33.6 Kbps V.4257.6 Kbps; specifies standards for error checking V.42 bis57.6 Kbps; specifies standards for compression V.90 56 Kbps upstream; 33.6 Kbps downstream because downstream data is modulated

7. Know your available resources Open Com ports Open DMA channels The UART type Software Requirements

8. Resource Settings for COM1 I/O Address IRQ

9. IRQ, DMA and I/O Addresses IRQ Assignments 0=System Timer 1=Keyboard 2=Cascade to IRQ 9 3=COM 2 & 4 4=COM 1 & 3 5=LPT 2 6=Floppy-Drive Controller 7=LPT 1 8= Real Time Clock 9=Cascade from IRQ 2 10=Available 11=Available 12=PS/2 Mouse 13=Math Coprocessor 14=Primary Hard-Drive Controller 15=Secondary Controller DMA Assignments 0=free 1=free 2=Floppy Drive 3=LPT 1 4=Secondary DMA Controller 5=free 6=free 7=free I/O Memory Addresses COM 1=3F8h COM 2= 2F8h COM 3= 3E8h COM 4= 2E8h LPT 1= 378h LPT 2= 278h Primary IDE = 1F0h Secondary IDE= 170h Floppy Drive= 3F0h Network Adapter=300 - 310

10. NetTech Solutions POTS POTS has many advantages, including: –It is inexpensive to set up. Almost every home in the United States and Canada has or can have a telephone connection. –There are no LAN cabling costs. –Connections are available in many countries throughout the world.

11. Remote Networking Established connection mechanism Network resources PSTN or PTOS PSTN or PTOS Modem Remote computer Remote access server

12. Remote Networking Supports mobile or distant users Controls amount of network that is available Provides network services Email File and print services Database services

13. Remote Access Networking  Server provides security  All traffic from remote node passes through server Remote access server PSTN or POTS Modem Remote node

14. Remote Control Networking Host clientRemote client Host client should be a dedicated machine

15. RAS Servers Windows servers –Routing and Remote Access Services (RRAS) –Available for Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000 Server, Windows XP Professional, and Windows Server 2003 –Can use existing user accounts Third-party servers –Perle –Citrix –Patton –Need to synchronize user accounts

16. Network Protocols Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Internet Packet eXchange (IPX) Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)

17. Public and Switched Public: for a fee, anyone can lease the use of the network, without the need to run cabling. Switched explains how the phone system works.

18. Terms: CO:Central Office. Demarc:Point of control between the user and the Telco. Local Loop:Region between the CO and the Demarc.

19. Leased Data Lines Telco network Leased data lines

20. ISDN ISDN adapterISDN switch SubscriberTelco Packet data network Switched data network Private line network TA NTU Terminal Adapter Network Termination Unit

21. ISDN Channels B B channel = Data D channel = Change and control BRI = BD 64K 16K 23 B ch. PRI = D 64Kx23 64K BRI has two B channels and one D channel. Maximized throughput of 128Kbps

22. DSL DSL modem PSTN Multiplexer CustomerTelco Local loop phone line Local loop phone line Voice Digital

23. DSL Hardware Local loop Voice DSL splitter DSL splitter DSL Modem Customer premises Telco PSTN DSLAM Digital

24. DSL Data Voice DSL network Splitter

25. Cable Internet Access Cable TV feed TV signal Cable modem ISP

26. Frame Relay Bearer Services (FRBS) Frame Relay Bearer Services (FRBS) DCE Customer network DTE Customer network DTE Clean carrier networks Less error checking required Clean carrier networks Less error checking required CSU/DSU Frame Relay Access Device (FRAD) ES

27. Another Frame Relay Uses: –PVC Permanent –SVC Switched CIR: –Committed Information Rate Up to 1.544Mbps

28. Virtual Circuits Logical connections Logical connections Permanent virtual circuits: Provider network always on Permanent virtual circuits: Provider network always on Switched virtual circuits: Provider network connects when needed Switched virtual circuits: Provider network connects when needed

29. PVCs DLCI=40 40 to 16 CIR=56 Kbps Telco network is always on. DLCI=60 60 to 18 CIR=1.54 Mbps DLCI=16 DLCI=20 DLCI=18 network1 network2 network3 network4 network5

30. SVCs Telco network is normally off; connections are switched on when needed. network1 network2 network3 network4 network5

31. The T-Carrier System T-Carrier circuit T1: 24 channels T3: 672 channels

32. T-Carrier System Fractional T uses only part of a T service

33. ATM Fast 155 Mbps to 622 Mbps Support data, voice, and video 53-byte cell Built in quality of service PVC or SVC

34. ATM Endpoints Data Voice Video Public ATM networkPrivate ATM LAN ATM switch

35. ATM Data ATM Frame HeaderPayload 5 bytes48 bytes 53 bytes

36. ATM Virtual Paths 12341234 Transmission Path A 56785678 VP1 VP2 VC

37. SONET Synchronous data transport over fiber optic cable Excellent bandwidth Built-in fault recovery Speeds up to 2.48 Gbps OC and STS specifications Self-healing dual-fiber ring

38. Optical Carrier (OC) System

39. SONET Synchronous Optical NETwork Excellent bandwidth management Built-in fault recovery High bandwidth = 51.84 Mbps to 70 Gbps Often used as a backbone for frame relay and ATM

40. SONET Network Components Broadband backbone network Regional network Integrated management Collector ring LAN Routes between regional networks Routes between regional networks Joins multiple collector rings Joins multiple collector rings DCS to place customer’s signal on ring

41. SONET Collector Ring LAN DCS ATMT-1 OC-3

42. SONET Regional Ring ADM Collector ring OC-12 OC-3 Pass through data Drop data Add data Add/Drop Mux

43. Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) One ring carries data One ring carries control signals

44. FDDI Connectivity DASSAS Nodes are connected to the FDDI network in one of two ways: –Dual attached stations (DAS) –Single attached station (SAS)

45. FDDI Failure Recovery Auto-reconfigurationIsolation

46. Remote Access Protocols A remote access protocol manages the connection between a remote computer and a remote access server. They include: –Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) –Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) and Point-to- Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) –Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) –Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) –Remote Access Services (RAS) –Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)

47. Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) In 1984, students at the University of California, Berkeley, developed SLIP for UNIX as a way to transmit TCP/IP over serial connections (such as modem connections over POTS). SLIP does not support encrypted passwords and therefore transmits passwords in clear text, which is not secure at all.

48. PPP PPP is used to implement TCP/IP; it is the protocol that establishes a connection over point-to-point links (for example, dial-up and dedicated leased lines). PPP uses the Link Control Protocol (LCP) to communicate between PPP client and host. PPP uses LCP between client and Host.

49. Configure PPP in Vista 226-1234 Richard ************ RMFRED

50. PPPoE This allows the authentication methods of PPP to be used over Ethernet and high-speed Internet connections so individual users can be authenticated for Internet access over a shared medium like Ethernet or DSL.

51. Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) PPTP is the Microsoft-created protocol based on PPP. It is used to create virtual connections across the Internet using TCP/IP and PPP so that two networks can use the Internet as their WAN link and yet retain private network security. PPTP is both simple and secure.

52. Configure PPTP in Vista 209.89.29.40 Richard *********** RMFRED

53. Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) Published in 1999 as proposed standard RFC 2661, L2TP has its origins primarily in two older tunneling protocols for PPP: Cisco's Layer 2 Forwarding (L2F) and Microsoft's Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP).RFC 2661Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol

54. Tunneling Carrier protocol (IP) moves the data ISP Passenger protocol enters the network Passenger protocol leaves the network IP data unencapsulated IP data unencapsulated IP data encapsulated IP data encapsulated

55. Tunnel Types ISP Voluntary tunnel from end to end ISP Compulsory tunnel between routers through public network

56. VPN in Windows 2003 Home 209.89.29.40

57. Remote Access Services (RAS) RAS is used in smaller NT 4.0 networks where a dedicated dial-up router is not practical or possible. Windows 2000, however, comes with the ability to share outbound connections. This is set up with Windows 2000’s RRAS utility.

58. Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) The Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is very similar to the Independent Computing Architecture (ICA) protocol used by Citrix products. It requires port 3389 to be open. You can start RDP from the RUN line using the MSTSC command.

59. Summary Summary and Exam Essentials on page 309 Review Questions on page 310