1. Water Purification Nisha Maharaja, Rajesh Ravikumar, Aadam Soorma

2. Agenda Introduction Methods Water Supply Water Purifciations Recommendations Conclusion

3. Need for Purification Water sustains all life In sub Saharan Africa, a child has a 22 percent chance of death due to poor/no water One of the leading causes of death In 2002, only 42% of the households had toilets and one in six people had no access to safe water 4,500 children die each day from unsafe water and lack of basic sanitation

4. Diarrheal Disease Water and electrolytes are lost through liquid stools, vomit, sweat, urine and breathing Diarrhea is a large percentage of the water-borne diseases o 5.4 billion cases globally in one year Water contaminated with human feces from sewage, septic tanks and latrines Dehydration and malnutrition are two most deadly side effects

5. Goal Provide clean, potable water to underdeveloped, rural populations in Eastern India. Accomplish this by combining existing technologies - solar disinfection and cartridge purification - in easy-to- use, handheld water bottles. Target distribution of water bottles to at-risk populations for diarrhea.

6. Five Initiatives – Target achievement data 2015  Intervention 5: Everyone has access to a regulated piped water supply & sewage connection in their houses WHO: Millennium Development Goals (MDG)

7. Resource: http://www.safewater.org/PDFS/resourcesknowthefacts/CostBenefit_Analysis_Treat.pdf

15. Solar Disinfection/Cartridge Hybrid  We propose to combine the existing solar disinfection method with a technology developed by Halosource – a Seattle, Washington based company.  It utilizes a re-usable, yo-yo sized cartridge to filter water when dropped into a large container.

16. Solar Disinfection/Cartridge Hybrid  Polystrene beads coated with bromine line the cartridge and kill water-borne germs on contact, without the foul taste of chlorine.  A safe, inexpensive way to purify water on cloudy days, the cartridge needs tested in a controlled environment where data already exists.  Hence, a return to India for a second trial that tests its effectiveness when combined with solar purification.

17. Population and Intervention Cost Population and intervention costs South Asia: 1.7 billion and $35 billion Intervention cost per capita: $21 Africa: 968 million and $24.7 billion Intervention cost per capita: $25

18. Diarrhea Cases Averted South Asia: 1.04 billion Per capita: 0.86 cases averted/capita Africa: 878 million Per capita: 1.35 cases averted/capita

19. Days gained due to less diarrheal days Days Productive days gained due to less diarrheal days School days gained due to less diarrheal illness Baby days gained due to less diarrheal illness South Asia45004823300 Africa23005043000

20. Total Cost Savings from Decreasing Diarrhea Millions of dollarsSouth AsiaAfrica Economic value of productive days gained835302.5 Annual cost savings from patient treatment650574 Annual cost savings from health sector10,1008,600 Total11,5859477

21. Between both region the average return for every dollar is $3.80. Benefits from Interventions

22. Developing the sanitization container Making the cartridge and container compatible Validating the technology – making sure that it cleans and sanitizes the water till a certain standard. Prototype test Production and manufacturing of product Providing a low cost and sustainable method to clean and maintain clean water in rural areas and in urban house. Simple to use – just need to put the cartridge into the container and fill it with water. Save money by not boiling water Hybrid bottle-cartridge sanitizing system Educate them how to use the cartridge and how to use it, when to replace it. Inform them how to use the container – no boiling water, etc. Distribute to the rural areas through distributor and vendors. Populations with lack of stable water supply and sanitized water. Rural and urban areas where diarrhea and other water borne illnesses is heavily afflicted. Sanitization Container Cartridge Distribution channels Production/Manufacturing facilities NGOs WHO UNICEF Water Aid Arkar Trust Local distributor of product Aspara Water Annai Water Supply Manufacturers Cartridge: Halosource Bottle: SSP PLASTIPACK PVT. LTD. Sanitization Container Cartridge Distribution channels Production/Manufacturing facilities Administration/Operational costs

23.  Water purification is necessary to development advancement  Our proposed solution could save numerous lives and begin a process of innovation Conclusion

24. Questions