1. 1.Look at page 82: What trends do you notice? What might explain the trend(s)? 2. Look at maps on pages 90 and 91. For each map: State two things you notice. What might explain what you see? Comment on what you see.

2. GRANTS!

3. Mandates  Everyone hates them!  Usually have to use their own money on top of the Federal money.  E.G. Medicaid (Feds pay 50- 85%)  ADA - no funding  Clean Air Act - no funding  Homeland Security  No Child Left Behind  Everyone hates them!  Usually have to use their own money on top of the Federal money.  E.G. Medicaid (Feds pay 50- 85%)  ADA - no funding  Clean Air Act - no funding  Homeland Security  No Child Left Behind

4. Universality Everyone wants to get the same…no matter the need! E.G. Title 1 $ for education students living in poverty. Intergovernmental Lobbyists Everyone wants to get the same…no matter the need! E.G. Title 1 $ for education students living in poverty. Intergovernmental Lobbyists

5. But Now…  95% of districts in the U.S. get it.  Clinton tried to fix, but Congress said no!  WHY?  95% of districts in the U.S. get it.  Clinton tried to fix, but Congress said no!  WHY?

6. States Fight Back  1994 - California, New York, Texas, and Florida sued the Feds for reimbursement for costs from Mandates.  Feds fault - borders  Lost.  1994 - California, New York, Texas, and Florida sued the Feds for reimbursement for costs from Mandates.  Feds fault - borders  Lost.

7. Group Essays  Define what is meant by “fiscal federalism” How is it manifested through the federal grant system? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each of the different types of grants?  To what extent has the new Republican majority, first elected in the mid 1990’s, limited the scope of government? Enhanced it?  Define what is meant by “fiscal federalism” How is it manifested through the federal grant system? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each of the different types of grants?  To what extent has the new Republican majority, first elected in the mid 1990’s, limited the scope of government? Enhanced it?