1. WARM UP

2. NOTES CH 29 Lymphatic System and Immunity Intro

3. PARTS: Lymph, lymphocytes, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils

4. FUNCTIONS: 1.FLUID BALANCE 2.FAT ABSORPTION 3.DEFENSE ** * filter microorganisms in lymph nodes and spleen * filter microorganisms in lymph nodes and spleen * destroy micro. in tissues * destroy micro. in tissues

5. LYMPHOCYTES Cells that destroy microbes

6. LYMPH Clear fluid that is in tissues after leaving the bloodClear fluid that is in tissues after leaving the blood Made of ions, water, nutrients, gases, hormones, wastesMade of ions, water, nutrients, gases, hormones, wastes Circulates through lymph vessels and into nearest lymph nodeCirculates through lymph vessels and into nearest lymph node

7. LYMPH NODE About small seed to almond size Lymph passes through here before returning to blood 1.Stimulates lymphocytes to divide and go into bloodstream 2.Destroy microorganism there

8. 3 main places of nodes 1.INGUINAL 2.AXILLARY 3.CERVICAL

9. TONSILS Areas in the mouth that collect and destroy microbesAreas in the mouth that collect and destroy microbes 1.Palantine – sides 2.Adenoid – back top of throat 3.Lingual – back of tongue

10. SPLEEN Size of fist, let upper sideSize of fist, let upper sideFUNCTION: 1.Filters blood – cells detect microbes or old rbc in blood and destroy 2.Stores extra blood for emergencies 3.Makes lymphocytes

11. THYMUS Lower neck areaLower neck area ( after 60 decrease in size) ( after 60 decrease in size)FUNCTION: 1. Produce lymphocytes 1. Produce lymphocytes

12. NOTES Ch 29 Immunity

13. IMMUNE SYSTEM PARTS: white blood cells, antibodies FUNCTION: to destroy microbes in tissues and protect body from disease

14. LEUKOCYTES – white blood cells Leave the blood vessels and go into infected area to destroy microbe TYPES: 1.neutrophils 2.macrophages 3.lymphocytes

15. NEUTROPHILS 1 st to enter infected area1 st to enter infected area Die after killing a microbeDie after killing a microbe Phagocytosis – engulfing the microbe or cell to destroy itPhagocytosis – engulfing the microbe or cell to destroy it PUS – fluid, dead neutrophils, bacteria, dead cells

16. MACROPHAGE 2 nd to enter an infected area2 nd to enter an infected area Can digest more and live longerCan digest more and live longer Can wait in uninfected tissueCan wait in uninfected tissue

17. B CELLS Secrete antibodiesSecrete antibodies T CELLS

18. IMMUNITY Ability to resist damage from foreign substances

19. ANTIGEN Foreign substance in the body EX: virus, bacteria, allergen (pollen, animal hair, foods, etc.) ANTIBODY Protein that destroys a specific antigen

20. 2 TYPES 1.INNATE Body born with ability to recognize and destroy foreign molecules 2.ADAPTIVE Body learns to recognize and destroy (each time exposed, destroy better)

21. INNATE Protections such as Skin, mucus, tears, saliva Chemicals: Histamine, lysozyme, prostoglandins, leukotrienes These promote inflammation and cause white blood cells to rush there

22. 2 TYPES OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY 1.NATURAL a. Passive – mother to child (umbilical cord or milk) a. Passive – mother to child (umbilical cord or milk) b. Active – natural exposure b. Active – natural exposure (exposed to a virus, etc.) (exposed to a virus, etc.)

23. 2.ARTIFICIAL a. Passive – antibodies placed into person (from another organism) a. Passive – antibodies placed into person (from another organism) * won’t last long (antiserum is an example) * won’t last long (antiserum is an example)

24. b.Active – antigen deliberately introduced into individ. to stimulate their immune system EX: VACCINATION * dead organism or live altered one (produces no symptoms) * dead organism or live altered one (produces no symptoms)

25. 2 main types of vaccinations DTPDiptheriaTetanus Pertussis (whooping cough) MMR Mumps Measles Rubella

26. HOW IMMUNITY WORKS Every cell has surface marker on the cell membrane. When body does not recognize these markers, it will respond to it.

27. THE RESPONSE: B cell exposed to antigenB cell exposed to antigen Binds to itBinds to it B cell starts to divide to formB cell starts to divide to form 1) memory B cells 1) memory B cells 2) plasma cells 2) plasma cells

28. PLASMA CELLS Produce antibodies – takes 3-14 days to make enough to destroy itProduce antibodies – takes 3-14 days to make enough to destroy it Antigen can cause symptoms in the meantimeAntigen can cause symptoms in the meantime MEMORY B CELLS When exposed to antigen already in the body, these divide and from plasma cells which make the antibodies fast No time for symptoms to develop