1. The Immune/ Lymphatic System SAMANTHA CLARK AND MACKENZIE BROUSE

2. Fact or Fiction? What Do You Really Know About Your Immune System?

3. Immune System-What is it?  Function:  Defense against infectious diseases, viruses, and invaders  Keeps people healthy  Uses your leukocytes which are the white blood cells in your body that fight off sickness.  Signs of an unhealthy person  Developing a fever which includes an abnormally high body temperature usually along with vomiting, shivering, and head ache.

4. Did you know? YOU HAVE 4 TIMES MORE LYMPH FLUID IN YOUR BODY THAN BLOOD! ANTIBACTERIAL PRODUCTS MAY WEAKEN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM!

5. Major Organs & Systems Involved SPLEEN ADENOIDS TONSILS PEYER'S PATCHES APPENDIX LYMPH NODES LYMPHATIC VESSELS BONE MARROW THYMUS GLAND

6. Spleen  Largest lymphatic organ  Cleanses your body of toxins  Breaks down red blood cells that no longer work properly  Sends the breakdown of red blood cells to the liver  Uses white blood cells to fight infection

7. Adenoids  A patch of tissue located in the back of the nasal cavity  Traps harmful bacteria and viruses that are swallowed or inhaled.  Often shrink and are nearly invisible by the time you are a teenager

8. Tonsils  A cluster of lymphatic cells  Located in the pharynx  Trap bacteria or other toxins  Stop them from entering the throat

9. Peyer's Patches  Capture the bacteria  Destroy it  located on the intestinal wall

10. Appendix  A pouch of lymphatic tissue  Attached to the large intestine  It does not appear to serve any purpose in the human body  Scientists believe it may be a remain of an ancient digestive tract  Releases mucus into the intestine

11. Lymph Nodes  Produce cells that fight disease and infection  Storage for disease fighting cells  Humans have 600 to 700 lymph nodes

12. Lymphatic Vessels  A vascular duct that carries lymph  LYMPH is a fluid that circulates through the lymph system and eventually mixes with blood  Also carries white blood cells  Located all throughout the body

13. Immune Responses  Immune Responses are the bodies way of protecting itself from becoming sick.  Immune Response is activated by B-Cells and followed out by T-Cells.  Macrophages are also a large part of the immune system. They are mobile white blood cells that bind to sites of infection.

14. What is a Lymphocyte?  A Lymphocyte is a form of a small white blood cell with a single round nucleus found in the lymphatic system.  They are found inside bone marrow. This is the soft fatty substance in the cavities of the bones.  Lymphocytes then either stay located in the bone marrow or mature into B-Cells or leave to become T-Cells.

15. B-Cells-Immune Response  B-cells are a lymphocyte NOT produced by the Thymus Gland. They are responsible detecting antigens in the body and create an Antibody to combine chemically to counteract the antigen.  Antigens are the foreign substances that can enter the body and make your immune system respond.  B-Cells lock their sights on this Antigen and send T-Cells to attack the foreign invader.

16. T-Cells-Immune Response  Thymus Gland is an organ situated in the neck of the vertebrates that produce T-cells.  T-Cells are a type of lymphocyte that are expected to attack the foreign invader after the B-Cells recognizes it.  Helper T-Cells are the cells that help B-Cells activate antibodies to attack the antigen.  Killer T-Cells are those that specifically kill the viruses and sometimes bacteria.

17. Killer T-Cells  Killer T-Cells have the ability to protect us from many different pathogens. A pathogen can be a bacterium, a virus, or any other microorganism that can cause disease.  Killer T-Cells are even strong enough to kill cancer cells.  http://www.youtube.com/wat ch?v=LfMz5yR38nc http://www.youtube.com/wat ch?v=LfMz5yR38nc

19. Skin: Main Defense Against Disease  Your skin is your main and most important defense against parasites, bacteria, and other microorganisms.  The epidermis of the skin (Outer most layer), is the barrier which these pathogens have to try to penetrate.  If the epidermis is broken which a cut our scratch, bacteria and other pathogens may enter very easily.  The dermis (inner most layer of the skin) protects from pathogens.  It has sebaceous glands that create sebum which is an oily substance that allows your skin to have moisture and prevent it from drying out and cracking.  Cracked skin is another easy way pathogens may enter the body. Interesting Fact: Each Human has at least 8 pounds of skin on their body making it their biggest organ.

20. Skin: Main Defense Against Disease Cont.  Langerhans cells are cells that sense that invaders have entered the skin and proceed to send white blood cells to fight the infection.  The skin may become red and swollen due to this reaction.  Normal Flora are helpful bacteria on the outside of the skin that prevent harmful bacteria from growing.

21. Vaccination and Immunity  What is a Vaccine ?  A substance that stimulates the production of antibodies to provide immunity for a disease.  It is a synthetic substitute of the disease and it is treated as an antigen in the body.  Antibiotics are medicines that inhibits the further growth of microorganisms.  Example: Penicillin  Immunology is the branch of medicine and biology that is responsible for immunity.

22. Medicine vs. Nature  Vaccines and other medicines help keep our body healthy and prevent disease.  Another drug that keeps us healthy would be an Antihistamine. This is a drug that inhibits the physiological effects of a histamine in the body.  Used in the treatment of allergies  Interferon is a natural protein already found in the body that will inhibit the replication of viruses that enter the body.  We have many defenses to keep our body healthy and safe.

23. Immune Disorders and Diseases  Autoimmune Disorder is a disorder that makes the antibodies produced in the body actually damage the body instead of helping it.  Disorders: http://www.webmd.com/a- to-z-guides/immune-system-disordershttp://www.webmd.com/a- to-z-guides/immune-system-disorders  Crohn’s Disease  Inflammatory Response is very common with Crohn’s and many other diseases. It is when a reaction to an injury or antigen that may cause swelling, pain and possibly loss of function.  Viteligo  Causes the skin to have a lack of pigment in certain areas.

24. Review! TOUR OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM!

25. Works Cited  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26827/  http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/immunity/immune-detail.html  http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body_basics/immune.html  http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000821.htm  http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/on-line/lifecycle/116.asp  http://www.livestrong.com/article/128329-skin-prevent-disease/  http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/immune-system-disorders  www.innerbody.com/image/limpov.html  http://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/features/boost-immune-system?page=2  http://www.chop.edu/healthinfo/all-about-the-immune-system.html  http://kidshealth.org/kid/ill_injure/sick/adenoids.html  http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/352770/lymphatic- system/283753/Bone-marrow