1. Measures and Models of Aviation Display Clutter
Pilot Equipment Familiarization and Scenario Overview
Measures and Models of Aviation Display Clutter
[ Year 2 Experiment ]
June, 2008
NASA LaRC | NC State University | APTIMA

2. Experiment Setup - Aircraft Familiarization -

3. Simulator with Head-up Display
Integration Flight Deck:
No motion, ground-based Simulator
Replicating forward Flight Deck of Boeing 757
HUD with new display features:
Two instrumentation modes – PRIM (primary mode symbology) & IMC symbology
Enhanced Vision System (EVS)
Synthetic Vision System (SVS)
Flight pathway guidance (TUNNEL)
IFD Simulator

4. HUD Symbology

5. Tunnel
“Crow’s feet” define vertical and horizontal extent of desired path
600 ft wide by 350 ft tall:
+/- 1 “dot” on path deviation indicators
“Linear” Deviation
Segments every 0.2 nm
Showing path 1 nm ahead

6. Flight Path Marker
As speed increases relative to selected speed, “worm” increases in size
Appears below flight path marker when decelerating

7. Path Deviation Indicators
Vertical and lateral deviation path deviation indicators:
Deviation scale
Center, +/-2 Dots
Pathway deviation indicator
“Dogbones”
Derived from navigation solution / “Synthetic Vision System”
ILS deviation indicator
Glideslope and localizer deviation
No “Bends”
No “Lies”
“Raw Data”
Full-Scale Localizer Deviation

8. Runway Outline (under 500 feet)
Glideslope Reference Line (GSRL)
Set at 3.1 degree
Used for Flight Path Reference under 500 ft.
Note: At 75 ft. above the runway, flare cues will emerge from the bottom of the display.

9. IMC HUD Configuration

10. IMC / Tunnel Configuration

11. IMC / Tunnel / SVS Configuration
Wireframe rendering of terrain model (based on GPS database)

12. PRIM HUD Configuration

13. PRIM / EVS Configuration
Shaded rendering of FLIR (Forward-looking Infra-Red Radar)
When flying in clouds with the EVS “on”, FLIR returns on water vapor may create “ghost”-like images on HUD

14. PRIM / SVS / EVS Configuration

15. Experiment Setup - Scenario Familiarization -

16. Flight Scenario Overview
KRNO ILS RWY 16R Final:
Hand-flown with manual throttles
Begins on localizer abeam PYRAM
Ends with landing or missed approach decision
Night/IMC:
Weather near or below minimums
Crosswinds with no gusts
Go-around or landing performance will not actually be measured

17. Aircraft Configuration and Operation
Autopilot and autothrottles inoperative
PFDs and NDs inoperative
All NAVAIDs set for approach
FMC inoperative
FD inoperative
Landing and wing lights “off” in clouds.
Can activate lights on breakout.

18. Roles and Responsibilities
Captain
Hand flying
Verbalize all decisions at published minimums and EVS mins.
Call for gear, flaps, etc. as desired.
First Officer (FO)
Handle ATC communication
Actuate gear and flaps on command
Set airspeed and altitude bugs
Complete checklists
Provide callouts as briefed (altitude)
Will confirm objects in sight (visually)
Will answer queries and confirm settings, procedures, etc.

19. Standard Approach Procedures
Initial Approach
210 KIAS
Gear and flaps retracted
Below 210 KIAS
Flaps 15 degrees
Landing gear extended
Below 162 KIAS
Flaps 30 degrees
Before landing checklist
Approach Speed
138 KIAS for all landings

20. Approach Procedures (cont.)
Standard Rules (without EVS)
Runway must be visible with naked eye from published decision height
EVS Rules
Published decision height:
Runway must be visible with EVS
Continue to 100 HAT (Height Above Touch-down), if EVS shows approach lights, threshold, or touchdown zone.
FAR c - For straight-in instrument approach procedures…the pilot [must] determine that the enhanced flight visibility observed by use of a certified enhanced flight vision system is not less than the visibility prescribed in the standard instrument approach procedure being used.
100 HAT
Runway must be visible with naked eye
Land only if threshold or touchdown zone visible