1. www.efficiency-from-germany.info Smart Cities: The energy efficient city of the future

2.  Urban areas consume 75% of the total energy need  Urban areas produce 60% of all CO2 emissions  Increase of inhabitants, decrease of areas usable for energy production in urban areas  Increase energy consumption 1,5-2% per year  Large scale of demand for heat and process heat  Synergy through coupling of infrastructures  Over coupling ICT Infrastructure  Optimizing of costs, sustainability an efficiency  Guidelines and rule for actions  Developing of an overall system  Inclusion of social and non technical dimensions Future Development of Cities and Requirements

3. Smart Cities – A coordinated system of systems VDE (ITG u. ETG) Studie: Smart City, 2015 Citizens, visitors AdministrationEnvironmentEconomy Mobile solutions CO 2 & NO x reduction Optimal infrastructure 24 / 7 Citizens Advice Bureau Smart City data platform SupplyMobilityBuildings Electricity Sewage Heat & cold Gas Water Rail Street Enterprise Safety Sensor technology/ Actuator engineering & SCADA Information and communication technology (ICT) … … Solutions Integration Business Key technologies

4. Smart buildings are key part of smart cities European Smart City Model, 2014

5. Smart energy buildings as integral part of smart grids B. Asare-Bediako: Smart Energy Homes and the Smart Grid, PhD Thesis, Eindhoven 2014

6.  Energy demand of buildings  Electricity and heat supply cannot seen separately if certain efficiency measures should be achieved  The future overall infrastructure of smart cities is determined by the synergy of coupling of single infrastructures The simultaneous Demand of Heat and Power

7. Energy Efficiency Applications Are Ready on Market TodayIn 3 to 5 years Office Buildings Private Buildings Micro CHP Heat Pumps Fuel Cell CHP (Mini-) CHP Infra-Red Heating Electrochromic Glass Energy Harvesting Heat-Recovery Available on the market Applications Efficient Domestic Heat Water Controlled Ventilation New Materials

8. ❶ Reduce loads ❷ Passive strategies ❸ Active strategies ❹ Recover energy ❺ Self generation HEATING & SELF GENERATION Insulation Under floor heating and heat pump Heat recovery ventilationPV ❶ Reduce loads ❷ Passive strategies ❸ Active strategies ❹ Recover energy COOLING InsulationHR ventSolar shading Reflecting Coating Air to Air HP Example: Net Zero Building for More Efficiency in Districts Studie: TU Dortmund, Daikin et.al.

9. Margin of energy saving Example: Net Zero Building for More Efficiency in Districts Reference Net Zero Energy

10. Energy balance: The extreme generation/load profile is a challenge for infrastructures Example: Net Zero Building for More Efficiency in Districts

11. Integration of a big variety of different technologies  Electrical and thermal solar energy  CHP technologies (biogas, waste)  Heat pumps  Electro mobility  District heat and cold  Heat and cold storage  Electrical storage  Smart equipment, meters and Energy Management Systems are required Characteristic of Future Smart and Efficient Infrastructures

12. Changing profiles and uncertainties by  Energy efficiency measure  E-mobility and heat pumps  Autonomous supply  Increased demand of electricity by decreasing the need of heat Quelle: TU Dortmund RWE Deutschland AG RES New loads Characteristic of Future Smart and Efficient Infrastructures

13. Consequences for Infrastructures  Which energy infrastructure will survive, which should be developed  Information and communication technologies  High efficient sensor technology with ultra low power supply  DC and AC infrastructure in parallel  Power electronics as bridging technology between the energy generation, the ICT infrastructure and DC or AC power grid Characteristic of Future Smart and Efficient Infrastructures

14. Need for New Models for Planning Issues on District Level The interdisciplinary Project: “Energy Efficiency in Districts” supported by North-Rhine-Westfalia Research & Science Business development Metropole Ruhr Partner Network industry and actors

15. Planning of district level will address 7 interdisciplinary dimensions Social/Demographical Dimension Operational Dimension Cultural/Historical Dimension Economical Dimension Space Planning/Architecture Dimen. Legal Dimension Technical Dimension Social technical dynamic Overall context Actors, Gouvernance, options for action Energy Efficiency in Districts Research project supported by NRW Need for New Models for Planning Issues on District Level

16. The defined districts of the Ruhr Area Need for New Models for Planning Issues on District Level

17. Integral Gas-Electricity-Heat-Socio-Technical- Economical model on district level Non-technical aspects Different social structures Space planning aspects Society development Legislation Energy Efficiency in Districts Research project supported by NRW Need for New Models for Planning Issues on District Level

18. Increased demand for flexibility in electricity grid Need for new business models for RES Decreasing ICT costs More applications for flexible loads Easy Market access Smart City meets Smart Grids

19. The Project: The City as Storage Smart Cities as Virtual Energy Storage for Smart Grids

20. The Goal Bundling of different flexibility potential of urban regions to a kind of virtual energy Investigation of the potential of virtual storages under real conditions Evaluation of operation and communication strategies Avoiding grid constrains Developing of business models for virtual storages ~~ ~ Ancillary Services Energy market Grid CHP Battery Storage PV Heat Pump Smart Cities as Virtual Energy Storage for Smart Grids

21. Coordination Concept of the Hybrid Energy Storage Smart Cities as Virtual Energy Storage for Smart Grids Energy Market Grid Constrains from Grid Target Functions Central Management System Local agent CHP HP Generation Load Flex. Generation Flex. Load Central and local optimization

22. System Engineering District heating with CHP Micro-CHP Heat pumps Electric storage stove Central battery system PV-battery systems Maximizing own consumption Spot- and Intraday-markets Providing control power and ancillary services Reducing load peaks Commercialization Smart Cities as Virtual Energy Storage for Smart Grids

23. 1.CHP Copa Ca Backum 2.CHP Hallenbad Westerholt 3.CHP Goethe-Gärten 4.BHKW Sonne+ 5.Heat Pump Wessing 6.Heat Pump Gockeln 7.PV Knappenhalle 8.ESH Bugzel 9.Battery storage H2Herten 10.Heat Pump Spiekermann jr. 1.CHP Copa Ca Backum 2.CHP Hallenbad Westerholt 3.CHP Goethe-Gärten 4.BHKW Sonne+ 5.Heat Pump Wessing 6.Heat Pump Gockeln 7.PV Knappenhalle 8.ESH Bugzel 9.Battery storage H2Herten 10.Heat Pump Spiekermann jr. 1 2 3 4 6 7 5 8 10 9 Smart Cities as Virtual Energy Storage for Smart Grids

24.  Smart Cities are a coordinated system of systems  Smart and efficient building are the key for energy efficiency and CO2-eduction  New materials and smart technologies providing energy efficiency  Smart urban grids are identified by  an enormous variety of technologies  Complexity of infrastructures  2 technical and 5 non-technical dimensions  Role of power electronics as efficient bridge between infrastructure and applications  New models for planning issues which incorporates different technologies and dimensions  Smart cities will play a significant role in Smart Grids Conclusion

25. Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Johanna Myrzik Institut für Energiesysteme, Energieeffizienz und Energiewirtschaft Technische Universität Dortmund Emil-Figge-Str. 68 D-44227 Dortmund Tel: +49 231 / 755-2359 Fax: +49 231 / 755-4338 Email: johanna.myrzik@tu-dortmund.dejohanna.myrzik@tu-dortmund.de http://www.ie3.tu-dortmund.de/ THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION