1. AGRICULTURE Chapter 11 Notes

2. Bellringer What are 2 possible reasons why Americans today eat significantly more fast food & processed (factory-made) foods today than 50 years ago?

3. What Is Agriculture? The purposeful tending of crops and raising of livestock in order to produce food and fiber

4. Economic Activities Primary economic activities: Products closest to the ground Secondary economic activities: Manufacturing of primary products into new products Tertiary economic activities: Services, connecting producers to consumers to facilitate trade Quaternary economic activities: Information or the exchange of goods Quinary economic activities: Tied into research or higher education

5. Arable Land

6. Bellringer Look at yesterday’s notes on the levels of economic activities. How are quaternary and quinary activities related to tertiary economic activities? Turn in Ch 11 homework!

7. Subsistence Agriculture Strict meaning: Farmers produce enough for themselves and their families and do not enter the cash economy at all

8. Subsistence Agriculture

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10. Shifting Cultivation Shifting fields to find better land Practiced primarily in tropical/subtropical regions The Cycle: 1.Clear plot of existing vegetation 2.Plant crops 3.Gradual loss of fertility Loss of decaying vegetation Leaching of nutrients 4.Abandon plot and begin again in a new location

11. Variation in products by distance from the town, with livestock raising farthest away Use of land governed by cost of transportation First effort to analyze the spatial character of economic activity Von Thünen Model (Late 1800s)

12. Third Agriculture Revolution (Green Revolution) Began in U.S. Midwest, then applied to less wealthy countries Increased technology in agriculture (fertilizer, pesticides, etc.) Invention of high-yield grains, especially rice, wheat, corn

13. Average Daily Calorie Consumption per Capita

14. Critics of the Green Revolution They say new technology has caused: 1.Soil erosion 2.Dependency on chemicals for production 3.Loss of control over seeds to agribusiness 4.More genetically modified (GM) crops

15. World Climates (Köppen Classification System)

16. World Agriculture

17. Agribusiness Commercial agriculture: Large-scale farming and ranching operations that employ vast land bases, large mechanized equipment, factory-type labor forces, and the latest technology

18. Example of “Fair Trade” Agriculture Fair trade Coffee: –produced by certified fair-trade farmers, who then sell the coffee directly to foreign importers Guarantees a “fair trade price” Purchase commitment by Starbucks and other chains