3. Objectives Describe an atom and its components.. Define the concept of isotopes. Matter Section 3.1

4. Review Vocabulary atom: the smallest particle of an element that retains all the properties of that element Matter Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter. Atoms posses isotopes that can be used Section 3.1

5. New Vocabulary matter element nucleus proton neutron Matter Section 3.1 electron atomic number mass number isotope ion

6. Atoms Matter is anything that has volume and mass. All matter is made of substances called elements. Matter Section 3.1

7. Atoms Matter Section 3.1 An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means. Elements are made up of atoms.atoms

8. Atoms All atoms consist of even smaller particles— protons, neutrons, and electrons. The center of an atom is called the nucleus, which is made up of protons and neutrons. Matter Section 3.1

9. Atoms A proton is a tiny particle that has mass and a positive electric charge. A neutron is a tiny particle with approximately the same mass as a proton, but it has no electrical charge. Matter Section 3.1

10. Atoms Surrounding the nucleus of an atom are electrons, smaller particles that are in constant motion. An electron has little mass, but it has a negative electric charge that is exactly the same magnitude as the positive charge of a proton. Matter Section 3.1

11. Atoms Matter Section 3.1 The periodic table of the elements is arranged so that a great deal of information about all of the known elements is provided in a small space.

12. Matter Section 3.1 Please click the image above to view the video.

13. Atoms The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus is its atomic number. The sum of the protons and the neutrons in an atom’s nucleus is its mass number. Mass number Matter Section 3.1

14. Atoms This diagram of the element chlorine explains how atomic numbers and atomic mass are listed in the periodic table of the elements. Mass number Matter Section 3.1

15. Isotopes All atoms of an element have the same number of protons. However, the number of neutrons of an element’s atoms can vary. Atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers are called isotopes. Matter Section 3.1

16. Matter Section 3.1 Isotopes The atomic mass of an element is the average of the mass numbers of the isotopes of an element.

17. Matter Section 3.1 Isotopes Radioactive decay is the spontaneous process through which unstable nuclei emit radiation. In the process of radioactive decay, a nucleus can lose protons and neutrons, change a proton to a neutron, or change a neutron to a proton. Radioactive isotopes

18. Matter Section 3.1 Isotopes Because the number of protons in a nucleus identifies an element, decay can change the identity of an element. Most abundant Isotope is Carbon-14 Radioactive isotopes

19. Carbon 14 –Used to date fossils, rocks, and minerals. –Use half-life of the isotopes to determine how long something has been breaking down or decaying. –Carbon-14 has a half life of about 5730 years

20. Matter Section 3.1 What elements are most abundant? The two most abundant elements in the universe are hydrogen and helium. However, the two most abundant elements in Earth’s crust are oxygen and silicon.

21. CH How does the abundance of elements in the universe compare with the abundance of elements in Earth’s crust? 3.1 Section Questions Matter and Change 3

22. CH 3.1 Section Questions Matter and Change 3 Possible answer: The vast majority of matter in the universe consists of the elements hydrogen and helium. The remaining elements make up only a small proportion of the matter in the universe. Earth’s crust consists mostly of the elements oxygen and silicon. Hydrogen and helium are comparatively rare.