1. Chinese Hegemony: The Tang & Song “Golden Age”

2. Re-cap: Important Dates

3. I.Early Dynasties Xia? (2200 B.C.E.) 1.Shang (1766-1122 B.C.E.) 2.Zhou (1122-221 B.C.E) 3.Qin (221 -206 B.C.E.) -first Emperor, coins 4.Han (206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.) -Confucianism, scholar-gentry, paper & porcelain

5. II.Post-Han China 1. “Period of the Six Dynasties” (220-589 C.E.): − bureaucracy collapsed −Buddhism gained strength, replacing Confucianism for a time − nomads ruled much of Chinese territory

6. III.Sui Dynasty (589-618CE) –lowered taxes –established granaries –reconstruction of bureaucracy –reconstruction of Confucian scholar- gentry –extension of Grand Canal

7. Sui Grand Canal

8. IV.Tang Dynasty (618-918)

9. 1.Capital city: Chang’an 2.Imperial power & “moral restraint” 3.Cosmopolitan attitude towards religions Three Doctrines “Three Doctrines”: Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism 4.Tang armies extend West –used Turkic nomads in military (Uighurs) –Great Wall is repaired –loss to Arabs at Battle of Talas (751)

11. A.Empress Wu (625-705) 1.ruled for 50 years (only female empress) – began as imperial concubine Imperial civil exam system 2.Imperial civil exam system – blow to noble class –social mobility of scholar-gentry 3.Neo-Confucianism official philosophy – increased literacy uniting China 4.BACKLASH AGAINST BUDDHISM

12. Tang Government Organization

13. B.New Technologies: 1.re-established the safety of the Silk Road (tea from S.E. Asia) 2.Inventions: –moveable typeset printing –porcelain –GUNPOWDER –mechanical clocks

14. C.East Asian Cultural Sphere 1. Chinese cultural diffusion throughout East Asia – “sinification” 2.Korea, Japan, & Vietnam assimilate Chinese culture –Confucianism –Buddhism –writing system

15. D. Tang Decline: Losing the Mandate 1.Xuanzong –Empress Wu’s grandson –lack of morality? –executed favorite consort during a rebellion 2. Causes for decline: –land distribution breaks down –poor attention to canal & irrigation systems –NOMADIC INVASIONS

16. Tang Xuanzong (“The Profound Emperor”) & Consort Yang

17. V. Song Dynasty (960-1279)

18. A. Beginnings 1.followed the chaos of the “Five Dynasty Period” Neo-Confucianism 2.based on Neo-Confucianism 3.civil examination system

19. B. Government 1.“flying” paper money (increased commerce) 2.government schools 3.Imperial civil service exams 4.replaced corvée labour with paid labor from taxes 5.trained militia & supplied arms 6.paid Mongols in silk for protection

20. C. Increasing population 1.new developments in rice cultivation champa -champa (wet rice) production from Vietnam 2.Population grew from 60 to 100 million 3.Rice also used to brew wine

21. Champa “wet rice” production

22. D. Role of women 1.new ideal of the "willow-waisted woman“ 2.against widow remarriage 3.ability to inherit property & control of family/budgets foot-binding 4.upper-class female foot-binding  Size 5 ½ shoe on the right

23. Foot-Binding in Tang & Song China Broken toes by 3 years of age

24. http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=122772

25. E. Culture 1.Literature: popularization of vernacular language 2.Poetry: used to spark political reform 3.Paintings: landscapes (harmony between humans and nature)

26. “Poem of Farewell to Liu Man” by Yelu Chucai (1190-1244) "Despotic officials and shyster underofficials, may they feel ashamed!"

27. “Travelers Among Mountains & Streams” by Fan Kuan (ca. 1000) “A Chinese scholar in a meadow”

28. “12 Views from a Thatched Hut” by Xia Gui, early 13th century

29. “ Spring Festival Along the River” by Zhang Zeduan (1085-1145)

30. Henan jar, Song Dynasty

31. Jun ware – Song Dynasty

32. F. Technology 1.irrigation & fertilizer junks 2.large ships called junks 3.compass 4.waterwheels & canal locks gunpowder 5.gunpowder & “crouching tiger” catapults 6.printing & paper money

33. Junks & the Compass http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/su ltan/media/expl_01q.html

34. Astronomical Clock

35. Paper Currency

36. Military Technology

37. First case of gun & grenade (950 C.E.)

40. G. Commercial Growth silktea 1.production of silk & cash crops (tea) 2.Commerce improved farming cause: Urbanization

41. H. Split of North & South Song 1.Weak military dependent on bureaucrats –Song invaded by northern nomads (Jurchin) 2.Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279) allied w/ Mongols for protection…

42. I. Collapse of Southern Song 1.Invasion by Mongols (1279) Yuan –start of Yuan Dynasty (Mongol Dynasty)