1. Unit 2: Population & Migration Test Review

2. IV. OVERPOPULATION – Occurs when the resources available can’t meet the needs of the people. The “carrying capacity” (the number of people a region or country can support) has been exceeded.

5. STAGES OF POPULATION GROWTH
STAGE I. NO GROWTH
Population grew very slowly. Many children are born, but many die in childhood. Most people are farmers. Plagues and famine a part of life. Growth patterns until the 1700’s.

6. Stage II. RAPID GROWTH – Hygiene and medical technology advances quickly. Many babies are still born, but only a few die.
Population increases dramatically in wealthy countries.
Population eventually explodes in poor countries thanks to improved medical care

7. STAGE III – NO GROWTH
Population begins to level off. Fewer children being born, thus, smaller families. As countries (or families) become wealthier, they have fewer children.
The USA is in stage 3.
Population grows slowly due to immigration. More deaths than births in the native population.

8. STAGE IV – NEGATIVE OR STAGNANT GROWTH
Current population is not being replaced. More people are dying than are being born.
Most couples have one or no children.
European Union Flag
This is the situation Europe finds itself in. Most countries are in Stage IV. In some countries people are paid a bonus when they have children. Abortion illegal in certain countries.
Italy’s population is dropping.

9. What does it look like?

10. Demographic Transition Theory
Demographic Transition Theory in Action

11. Malthus’ Theory Exponential Growth vs. Linear Growth
Exponential Growth is the idea that people will grow at a “geometric rate”
Food is represented as linear growth
Even with new technology, farmland is limited and does not reproduce itself as people do.

12. Interpreting a Population Pyramid
Remember that a population pyramid is basically a bar graph turned on its side. Each line is showing you what percentage of the population is a certain age.
Examine the title and the type of data presented. (ex. Age breakup, numbers listed below, male-female notation.)
True pyramids are developing countries. The majority of the population is younger and not many people live to an old age. Developed countries are more rectangular; the population is spread more equally through the age groups.

13. How to interpret population pyramids
There main types of pyramids
Rapid growth
Slow growth
Negative growth
Shape of rapid
growth
Shape of
Slow growth
Shape of negative
growth

14. High, Slow & Negative Growth

15. Gravity Model Ravenstein’s Laws
Adults move most.
Counter Flow Migration: 1 IN 1 OUT
Step Migration
Rural to Urban
Short Distances due to Distance Decay
Young people move internationally.
Longer Distances move from rural to urban

16. Net Migration Net Migration = IN Migration – OUT Migration
IN Migration: more people are coming into an area than they are leaving an area
(More Immigrants than Emigrants)
What happens to the population?
OUT Migration: more people are leaving an area than coming into an area
(More Emigrants than Immigrants)

17. Types of Migration 1. Primitive Migration: 2. Forced Migration:
3. Impelled/Imposed Migration
4. Free/Voluntary Migration
5. Mass Migration

18. Migration Selectivity
Not everyone migrates to a different place.
Migration Selectivity puts people into categories that are most likely to move somewhere
AGE: younger people between the ages of are most likely to move
EDUCATION: People with higher education are most likely to make long-distance moves
KINSHIP & FRIENDS: People will follow families members that have moved to another area for a better life. CHAIN MIGRATION helped create cultural neighborhoods.

19. US Migration Waves WAVE 1: 1840s, Northern and Western European
WAVE 2: 1840s-1900s, German and Northern European
WAVE 3: 1900s-present, South European, Eastern European, Asian, & Latin Americans

20. Great Migrations In History
Irish Potato Famine
Three Gorges Dam Migration
Hurricane Katrina Refugees
Afghanistan Refugees
Partition of India
Creation of Israel
Palestinian Migration
African America Migration to the North
Dust Bowl Migration

21. Activity Space
Activity Space: area where a person moves around to do their daily routine throughout the day
Types of Trips People Take In Their Activity Space Is Determined By:
1. Age Group
2. Ability to Travel
3. Opportunities & Awareness Space

22. Space Time Prism
All people live within a space time prism that sets limits on their activities. There time and space are limited by their ability to move around.
Example: if you don’t have a car, you can not get a long distance job.