1. THE NUSTAR MISSION

2. GRAZING INCIDENCE ANGLE where ρ is density (g/cm 3 ) and E in keV For example even for Pt (ρ=21 g/cm 3 ) at 30 keV is ≈ 0.18 deg, whereas at 5 keV is ≈ 1.1 deg A eff f 2 x α 2 x R 2 Valid for Wolter I optics, where f focal length and R reflectivity (de Korte 1988) THE CHALLENGE OF FOCUSING HARD X-RAYS

3. Multi-layers: grazing incidence + Bragg reflection N layers of heavy element/ light elements (high/low refractive index as W/Si or Pt/C) with spacing d which is a function of depth (e.g, Christensen et al. 1991) THE CHALLENGE OF FOCUSING HARD X-RAYS

4. Balloon-borne hard X-ray focusing telescope have already flown (InFOCuS in Japan … … HERO, Ramsey+02, … Cyg-X1, 20-45 keV THE CHALLENGE OF FOCUSING HARD X-RAYS

5. … and mainly the precursor of NuSTAR, HEFT (Harrison+05) THE CHALLENGE OF FOCUSING HARD X-RAYS

7. NUSTAR FACT SHEET

9. DEPLOYABLE MAST THE 10m MAST IS A SCALED DOWN VERSION OF THE 60m ONE ALREADY USED FOR THE SRTM WHICH FLEW IN 2000 ON ENDEAVOR

10. LAUNCH VEHICLE PEGASUS XL ROCKET LAUNCHED BY AIRCRAFT AT 12000 Km

11. SCIENCE BY FLYING FIRST IT WILL OPEN THE DISCOVERY SPACE IN THE FOCUSING HARD X-RAY FIELD: BLACK HOLE PHYSICS AND CENSUS, BY BEGINNING TO RESOLVE A CONSISTENT FRACTION OF OBSCURED AGN AT THE PEAK OF THE CXB ACCELERATION MECHANISMS IN SN REMNANT, BLAZARS, PWN, ETC.

12. SCIENCE WHICH MAKES ME CURIOUS

14. SCIENCE WE HAVE TO DO DO I HAVE TO SAY IT ? HARD TAILS IN CLUSTERS FERRARI (2010)

15. HARD TAILS IN CLUSTERS A2256 RELIC SAX PDS FUSCO-FEMIANO 2000 CONTROVERSIAL TO SAY THE LEAST (FF+99, R&M 04, FF+07 … R&M 14, FF+14 …)

16. HARD TAILS IN CLUSTERS PROBLEMS W/ NON FOCUSING INSTRUMENTS: SENSITIVITY BACKGROUND POINT SOURCE CONFUSION FOV

17. HARD TAILS IN CLUSTERS ARNAUD (2008)

18. HARD TAILS IN CLUSTERS ARNAUD (2008)

19. SOMETHING ELSE ? CONTENT OF BUBBLES IN THE ICM (PARTICULARLY IN LOW T CLUSTERS & GROUPS) ? BLANTON+03

20. SOMETHING ELSE ? SHOCKS ? FE ABUNDANCE ?