1. Monitoring the transition to OA in the UK (with some Global comparisons) Michael Jubb Research Information Network STM Conference, Frankfurt 13 October 2015

2. Context  Finch Group Reports 2012 and 2013  Universities UK Open Access Co-ordination Group  need for ‘authoritative indicators’ of progress  OA options: publishing models and policies  Accessibility: how much is actually accessible free of charge  Usage: does OA lead to more usage?  Financial sustainability: impact on finances of key players ------------------------------------------------------  Quality of service: for authors and readers

3. 1. OA Options for Authors

4. OA Publishing Models OA Publishing Models Available to Authors: Journal Types Global Total (SCOPUS)Journals in which UK Authors Publish 2012201420122014 Gold APC7.8%8.2%Gold APC7.2%7.3% Gold no APC8.7%8.6%Gold no APC6.2%5.6% Hybrid45.5%49.0%Hybrid59.9%63.8% ‘Delayed OA’2.3%2.4%‘Delayed OA’3.5%3.8% Subscription-only35.6%31.7%Subscription-only23.1%19.5% Total no. journals21,74122,48613,41113,585

5. Posting Policies and Embargoes Deposit and embargo periods, AAMs  Generally permissive for pre-prints, less so for ‘accepted manuscripts’ (AAMs), much less so for published Versions of Record (VoRs)  Similarly most permissive for postings on author websites, less so for institutional repositories, subject repositories, and least permissive for commercial sites  Some policies difficult to find, and sometimes difficult to interpret

6. 2. Accessibility: Take-up of OA

7. Take-up of OA Publishing Options Take-up of Publishing Models: Articles Published Global Total of Articles (SCOPUS) Articles Published by UK Authors 20122014FWCI20122014FWCI Gold APC7.9%9.6%0.90Gold APC7.4%9.3%1.58 Gold no APC4.9%4.6%0.56Gold no APC2.4%2.1%0.96 Hybrid Gold0.8%2.4%1.32Hybrid Gold2.7%6.5%1.65 ‘Delayed OA'5.3%5.4%1.89‘Delayed OA'11.0%11.2%2.37 Subscription-only incl hybrid non-Gold81.1%78.0%1.03 Subscription-only incl hybrid non-Gold76.4%70.7%1.57 Total no.articles2,351,1192,519,824148,466157,240

8. Postings of Articles Versions of Articles Posted: Global Sample VersionImmediate OA (incl hybrid) Delayed OA SubscriptionTotal (all articles) Total (all articles excl illicit) Preprint2.7%2.5%4.2%3.9% AAM1.8%8.0%3.2%3.1%2.5% VoR52.5%39.7%11.1%17.8%9.6% Total (de-duplicated for multiple versions)56.0%47.2%17.6%24.0%15.1% Total (excl illicit postings)56.0%22.3%7.9%

9. Postings of UK Articles Versions of Articles Posted: UK Sample VersionImmediate OA (incl hybrid) Delayed OA SubscriptionTotal (all articles) Total (all articles excl illicit) Preprint3.7%2.2%6.1%5.5% AAM2.2%5.9%3.4%3.3%2.6% VoR58.0%39.8%12.8%22.4%12.4% Total (de-duplicated for multiple versions)61.6%46.6%21.2%29.8%19.0% Total (excl illicit postings)61.6%17.0%9.2%

10. Where are articles posted?

11. Overall Proportion of OA Content 2014

12. 3. Usage

13. Are OA articles used more than non- OA?  Views and downloads occur on an increasing range of sites…….  Publisher data suggests more downloads for OA articles, but with huge variations between journals  Confirmed by data from Jisc’s Usage Statistics Portal  Downloads from UK IRs highly skewed and dwarfed by those from publishers and from PMC  No data from sharing sites  No definitive answer to the question until article-level download data made more openly available  No-one has data on the demographics of usage All publicationsOpen AccessNon Open Access Ratio of downloads of OA/non-OA Journals Total number of articles) HTML/PDF downloads No. articles Av. downloads per articleNo. articles Av. downloads per article 1678285,922581,463620324 452% 2815887,1302041,957611799 245% 3443376,065403,579403578 619% 41,2081,709,3962232,7589851,111 248% 5452587,593652,0013871,182 169% 66541,340,6951514,8745031,202 405% 713678,014241,383112400 346% 814123,5388557133143 390% 9136622,3701364,5760n/a 105263,606521,2230n/a Total4,7155,974,3299612,9473,754837 352% Year Total No. Articles Available HTML Full Text Retrieval Article PDF Retrieval Av retrieval per article 20122,790,219251,363,758104,153,931 127 20133,119,643389,623,123106,260,140 159 20143,506,234513,545,220145,227,684188

14. 4. Financial Sustainability

15. Costs for UK Universities and Funders: APCs  Huge variations between universities  Huge variations in prices paid  Discounts, special deals, offsetting….  Relationship between mean APC paid and citation impact of journal

16. Total Cost for UK Universities: APCs and Subscriptions  APCs now a significant part of some universities’ total expenditure on journals  range from 1% to 39% across 24 universities  average 14% (12% excl. UCL)  Offsetting clearly an important issue in a context of financial constraints for universities and funders

17. Financial Sustainability: Learned Societies  c280 UK Learned Societies publish journals  63% publish a single journal  22% publish three or more  24%publish on their own account; 76% use publishing partners  dependence on publishing revenues for other charitable activities varies from nil to >100%  for more than half of societies, publishing surpluses represent over 50% of their charitable expenditure  too early to see significant change since 2012

18. Conclusions?  A baseline picture of OA in the UK  with some international comparisons  A collaborative exercise across different stakeholders  Building on this exercise for the future

19. Reference and thanks  Jubb, M et al (2015) Monitoring the Transition to Open Access: A report for the Universities UK Open Access Co-ordination Group. London, Universities UK  http://www.researchinfonet.org/oamonitoring/ http://www.researchinfonet.org/oamonitoring/  Thanks to Stephane Goldstein (RIN); Mayur Amin, Andrew Plume, Stephanie Oeben, M’Hamed Aisati (Elsevier); Stephen Pinfield, Peter Bath, Jennifer Salter (University of Sheffield); Rob Johnson, Mattia Fosci (Research Consulting)