1. Who Voted: The Gradual Expansion of Suffrage

2. 1789: Constitutional Era Voting Rights in America All landowning, white, males were allowed to vote. 6% of the population was allowed to vote. Founding Fathers Neglected to Incorporate Voting Rights into the Consitution. “Those who own the country ought to govern it.”

3. Andrew Jackson (1820’s) National Movement Political parties began to get voters to vote. Qualification of land began to be removed in many states. All White Males Can Vote Thomas Jefferson –Supported the idea of elites running the country. Andrew Jackson –Wanted everyone to participate in government. Fought to open schools and colleges to all citizens. “ Common Man”

4. 15 th Amendment (1870) Article XV. Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude— Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. The First Colored Senator and Representatives, in the 41st and 42nd Congress of the United States. Washington: Currier & Ives, 1872. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart5b.html

5. 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution African American’s Right to Vote TOP: The photo of the doucment: http://www.historicaldocuments.com/15thAmendmentlg.htm LEFT: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_reconstruct.html

6. Intimidation and death After Reconstruction white supremacist did everything possible to prevent Blacks from voting. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/tools_voting.html Copyright 1997 State Historical Society of Wisconsin

7. White Supremacy http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/photos/html/1010.html Jim Crow, Intimidation and Fear Segregation http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/php/scribble.php?pic=3

8. 17 th Amendment (1913) Provided for the Direct Election of Senators by the Citizens. Previous: -Senators were selected by members of the State legislatures.

9. 19 th Amendment (1920) Women’s Suffrage Women gained the right to vote in the 1920’s. 1917 NWP was formed to help pass the 19 th Amendment. (National Women’s Party) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= vSmbNN0C8K8&feature=related

10. Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 “Allowed” Native Americans to Become Citizens of the United States

11. Voter Discrimination During Reconstruction Poll Taxes Literacy Test

12. Poll Taxes –Were a tax which people had to pay in order to vote. Purpose –To discriminate against African American voters and make it hard for them to vote in elections.

13. Literacy Tests Whites were exempt from literacy tests or given easier alternate tests. African Americans had to pass tests showing they could read.

15. Removal of Poll Taxes and Literacy Tests 24 th Amendment –Banned Poll Taxes Voting Rights Act of 1965 –Banned Literacy Tests

16. Introduction to Primaries What is a primary? –An election in which voters determine their political party’s nominee for an elective office.