1. Plant Kingdom!!

2. Characteristics  Eukaryotic  Autotrophic  Multicellular  Sexual reproduction  Cellulose in cell walls

3. Need to survive…  Sunlight – role in photosynthesis  Gas exchange – Oxygen/carbon dioxide  Water and minerals – symbiotic relationship???

4. History  Thought to evolve from Green algae, presently classified as a Protist  May be moved to plant kingdom due to cellulose in cells walls and pigment, similar life cycles and their genome  475mya – move to land  Small, non vascular, needed water to reproduce

5. Life cycle  Alternation of generations – has 2 alternating phases  Diploid (2n) – Sporophyte – spore producing plant  Haploid (n) – gametophyte – gamete producing plant

7. 4 types of plants  Non-vascular  Vascular seedless  Gymnosperms (naked seed)  Angiosperms (flowering plants)

8. Non –vascular - Bryophytes  No true roots, stems or leaves  Water (green algae) and land (mosses)  Bryophytes have a protected embryo  lack vascular system – why they are small  Gametophyte is dominant generation  Archegonia – eggs  Antheridia - sperm

9. Vascular seedless  2 types of vascular tissue  Xylem – transports water and minerals  Phloem – transports food  Sporophyte dominant  Examples - ferns

10. Gymnosperms – seed plants  Seed – plant embryo and a food supply  Pollen grain – where male gametophyte is contained  Carried by wind, animals  Seed coat – surrounds and protects the embryo, keeps from drying out.

11. Angiosperms – flowering plants  Advantage – helps to attract animals and insects to increase reproduction.  Fruits – structure containing 1 or more matured ovaries  Eating of fruits by animals help to disperse seeds for growth

12. Classification of angiosperms  Monocots  Single cotyledon  Parallel veins  Flower parts in multiples of 3  Dicots  Two cotyledon  Branched veins  Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5

14. Plants and Humans  Benefits:  Agriculture, food  Clothing, fibers  Wood, construction  Keep the environment clean and green!!  Harmful: toxins, poisons, allergies