1. Threatened and Endangered, and Extinct Species

2. Biodiversity
Extinction – the process by which an organism is no longer in existence as a species
Extinct organisms
Dinosaur
Woolly Mammoth
Saber tooth
Dodo bird
Passenger pigeon

3. Causes of Extinction Ice Age Meteors Predators Poaching Hunting
Habitat Loss

4. Why are organisms so important?
Food Chain
Food
Medicine
Protection

5. Biodiversity The different types of life (streams, wetlands)
Diagram of PA Biodiversity

6. Biodiversity is studied on three levels
Genetic – biodiversity is the difference between genes of a particular species
Species – grey squirrel vs. Delmarva Fox squirrel
Ecosystem – biodiversity – stream vs. wetland

7. Variations Differences in the phenotype of a species Appearance
Height
Width
Weight
Allow for adaptation to new environments

8. Organism Niches
Role an organism plays; two organisms cannot occupy the same niche

9. Predator-Prey Relationships
Mice vs. Weasel

10. Predators Clean up the weak or sick
Help out to remove the weak organisms

11. Symbiosis
Two organisms rely on each other for survival

12. Parasitism One organism benefits while the other is harmed
Human and tapeworm

13. Mutualism
Both organisms benefit
Rhino and birds

14. Commensalism One organism benefits, other is unharmed
Birds nest and tree

15. Adaptations
Adaptation – special modifications or characteristics that help an organism better survive its environment

16. Structural Adaptation
Body parts, internal/external, thumbs, tails, claws, color, fur, beak
Mimicry – another organism acts like the first (structural or behavioral)
Camouflage – blend in with your environment

17. Behavioral Adaptation
How an organism acts
Cat bird
Lions carrying young
Reflexive behavior – caught by surprise
Cat
Snake recoils
Instinctive behavior – you don’t have to be taught
Mother, baby

18. Survival of the Fittest
Natural Selection – the process that makes it more likely that organisms with the best characteristics will survive, breed, and pass them on
Populations evolve so that the most advantageous adaptations become common

19. Evolution Traits must vary Adaptations must be genetic
Adaptation must be beneficial for survival

20. Human impacts Negative – destroy lands Positive
Endangered – population increases
Capture breeding – zoos
Treat injured organisms

21. Threatened, Endangered, Extinct
Threatened – many individuals but numbers are dwindling
Endangered – so few that extinction is possible
Extinct – no longer exists

22. Factors that make species more prone to extinction
Special food
Special habitat
High on food web
Migrate
Reproduction rate low – 1 birth a year
Limited habitat range
Interference with humans

23. Organizations that protect species
Endangered Species Act
You cannot hunt, kill, trap endangered species
DCNR
Department of Conservation of Natural Resources