1. Learning Log Write about how you think the Earth moves in relation to our Universe and solar system.

3. – The Universe is made of galaxies – Galaxies are made of many stars – Some stars have planetary systems (similar to our solar system) – Earth is a satellite planet of one particular star, the Sun Earth’s Hierarchy The Universe Explained

4. Expanding Universe Edwin Hubble (US Astronomer, 1889-1953)- most galaxies have a red shift in the light they emit – This indicates that all galaxies are moving away from Earth – The red shift of a galaxy depends on its distance from Earth red shift video

5. The Universe is Expanding – The farther away the galaxy is from Earth, the faster it is moving away – All points in the galaxy are moving away from all other points

6. Early Ideas of Earth’s Motion Astronomers assumed that the sun, planets, and stars orbited a stationary Earth, known as the geocentric model, meaning earth- centered

7. Nicolaus Capernicus (Polish Astronomer, 1473- 1543) suggested that the Sun was the center of the solar system- sun-centered or heliocentric model Galileo Galilei (Italian, 1564-1642) made many discoveries to support the heliocentric model through the use of a telescope

8. Isaac Newton (English, 1643-1727) discovered the law of universal gravitation- which explains how the Sun governs the motion of the planets in our solar system

9. What continent were most of the astronomers mentioned in this presentation from? Why do you think that’s the case? If geocentric is when something is centered on the Earth, and heliocentric is when it is centered on the Sun, Eurocentric means something is centered on what?

10. Learning Log Draw the following table in your LL. Fill in the first column under the K Essential Question What is the Earth’s place in the Universe and Solar System? KnowNeedLearned elliptical orbit eccentricity barycenter heliocentric perihelion aphelion

11. Prezi on the Universe

12. Johanne Kepler (German, 1571-1630) demonstrated that Copernicus’ ideas were correct – Planetary orbits, such as that of the Earth, follows Kepler's 3 Laws: Kepler's Laws Kepler’s 1 st Law: each planet orbits the Sun in an elliptical shape rather than a circle

13. An ellipse is an oval shape that is centered over 2 points called foci, instead of a single point The Sun is one of the foci, and the other is the barycenter between the sun and its satellite.

14. Bar (pressure or weight) ycenter- the balance point between 2 orbiting bodies – If 1 of 2 bodies orbiting each other is more massive than the other, the center of mass is closer to the more massive body

15. The shape of a planet’s elliptical orbit is defined by its eccentricity- a ratio of the distance between the foci to the length of the major axis. – Ranges from 0-1

16. Kepler’s 2 nd law: Imaginary line between the Sun and a planet sweeps out equal amounts of area in equal amounts of time Kepler’s 3 rd law: Mathematical relationship between size of ellipse and orbital period Orbital Period-length of time is takes for a planet to travel a complete elliptical orbit (revolution) around the Sun. Kepler’s 3 Laws Explained.

17. Eccentricity Earth’s orbit appears to change between elliptical and circular orbits over the course of a 100,000 year cycle With an elliptical orbit, as the Earth passes closer to the Sun, the temperatures become warmer than normal When the orbit is circular, as the Earth is further from the Sun, the temperatures dip below average

18. Planets’ orbits in relation to the Sun Perihelion – The point on a planet’s orbit where it is closest to the Sun Aphelion – The point on a planet’s orbit where it is furthest from the Sun, think (Away). Orbital Period-length of time is takes for a planet to travel a complete elliptical orbit around the Sun, make one revolution of the Sun.

19. Write an explanation of the Earth’s motion through space on a piece of notebook paper to be turned in. Include barycenter, aphelion, and perihelion in your explanation. Homework – Summarize your notes and create questions in your guided notes.

20. Exit Ticket Three things you learned today Something that “squares/makes sense” with your thinking Something that’s “circling” around in your head

21. Universe Song