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a SHREW
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SYMBIOSIS Two species living together in close association.
(Also called “symbiotic relationships”)
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3 TYPES OF SYMBIOSIS 1. PARASITISM 2. COMMENSALISM 3. MUTUALISM
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What happens in the relationship for the different kinds of symbiosis?
Commensalism Mutualism Parasitism one organism benefits one organism is unaffected +,0 one organism benefits one organism is harmed +,- both organisms benefit +,+
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PARASITISM A symbiotic relationship where the organism lives in or on their host and does harm to their general well being, sometimes parasites are fatal. The parasite benefits, the host does not.
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Ticks
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LEECHES
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Taenia worm in human eye
Worm infects human blood stream Human may go blind Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed
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Parasitic Marine Isopods
Some Marine Isopods attach themselves to fish like ticks and suck blood from their hosts. Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed
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mistletoe
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Rafflesia Rafflesia sp., the world’s largest flower, lives off of tropical vines in tropical South-east Asian rainforests. It lacks leaves, roots, and shoots.
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Strangler Fig
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MUTUALISM A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit from the relationship.
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Mutualism: both benefit
Moray Eel with Cleaner Fish Moray Eel gets a clean mouth Cleaner Fish gets a meal Mutualism: both benefit
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Mutualism: both benefit
Antelope with Oxbird Antelope gets rid of parasites Oxbird gets a meal Mutualism: both benefit
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Pollinators and Pollinatees
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Lichens
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Corals & Zooxanthellae
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Trichonympha protozoan (a flagellate) that lives in the termite gut.
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mycorrhizal fungi extending from a plant's roots illustrate this symbiotic relationship, dramatically increasing a plant's ability to collect moisture and nutrients
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COMMENSALISM A symbiotic relationship where one species benefits, the other is not affected positively or negatively.
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Birds nesting in a tree
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Cattle with cattle egrets
Cattle stir up insects as they eat grass Egrets hang around and eat insects Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected
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Neotropical Antbirds Antbirds follow army ants as they travel across the jungle flow stirring up insects. The birds swoop down and eat the bugs that are ‘escaping’ the ants.
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Certain species of millipede and silverfish inhabit the nests of army ants and live by scavenging on the refuse of their hosts, but without affecting the ants.
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Clown fish with anemone
Clown fish gets protection Anemone is unaffected- some argue that the anemone does have a benefit Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected or Mutualism: both benefit
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Epiphytes
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leopard shark with a remora
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Hermit Crab
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