1. Research Question(s)  Sample Research Questions  Does the use of e-Information responders to provide immediate feedback to graduate students in AEE classes increase student learning?  Does the use of e-Information responders to provide immediate feedback to graduate students in AEE classes improve student evaluations of classes?

2. Research Question(s)  One may have several research question  For data analysis avoid research questions with an “and”  Does the use of e-Information responders to provide immediate feedback to graduate students in AEE classes increase student learning and improve student evaluations of classes? One part of the question may be yes and the other no. It is best to compartmentalize everything.

3. The Hypothesis  In proposing or reporting research, two types of hypotheses are normally stated:  Directional AEE graduate students will learn more in classes in which e- Instruction responders are used than in classes where they are not used.  Null There will be no difference in AEE graduate student learning in classes in which e-Instruction responders are used and in classes in which they are not used.

4. The Hypothesis  It is possible to have a nondirectional hypothesis. This is stated the same as a null hypothesis.  When one performs a statistical test, they are actually testing the Null hypothesis

5. Literature Review 5  It may be incorporated into introduction  Ensures that you are not reinventing the wheel  Gives credits to those who have laid the groundwork for your research  Demonstrates your understanding of the theoretical and research issues to your research question

6. 6  Shows your ability to critically evaluate relevant literature information  Indicates your ability to integrate and combine the existing literature  Provides new theoretical insights or develops a new model as the conceptual framework for your research Literature Review

7. 7  Convinces your reader that your proposed research will make a significant and extensive contribution to literature  Resolving an important theoretical issue Literature Review

8. Literature Review (major mistakes) 8  Lacking organization and structure  Lacking focus, unity and coherence  Being repetitive and verbose  Failing to cite influential papers  Failing to keep up with recent developments  Failing to critically evaluate cited paper

9. Literature Review Organization 9  Make use of subheadings to bring order and coherence to your review  Having established the importance of your research area and its current state of development  Theory models, measuring instrument, cross- cultural and gender differences,…

10. Introduction 10  Set the delimitation or boundaries of your proposed research to provide a clear focus  Provide definition of key concepts

11. Introduction FALL-2009 KAUCS-691 FCIT/ Dr. Ahmed Yahya 11  It provides the necessary background or context for your research problem  It begins with a general statement of the problem area, with focus on a specific research problem  Then it followed by the rational or justification for proposed study  How to frame the research problem is the biggest problem in proposal writing!!!!!!!!!!

12. Introduction FALL-2009 KAUCS-691 FCIT/ Dr. Ahmed Yahya 12  State the research problem  Provide the context and set the stage for your research question  Present the rational of your proposed study and indicate clearly why it is worth doing  Describe the major issues and sub-problem to be addressed by your research

13. Introduction FALL-2009 KAUCS-691 FCIT/ Dr. Ahmed Yahya 13  Identify the key independent and dependent variables of your experiment  Specify the phenomenon you want to study  State your hypothesis or theory