1. Funding Stormwater Services and Programs SC Stormwater Forum Jeff Hughes, Environmental Finance Center www.efc.unc.edu (919) 489-1342 jhughes@sog.unc.edu

2. Environmental Finance Center Environmental “How do you pay for it?” Center One of nine centers across the country. Part of US EPA Environmental Finance Program

3. Easy Money Email offers Lotteries “Bonds” If it sounds too good to be true…

4. Funding Overview Utility fees Public capital funding Commercial debt Private participation Innovative revenue practices

5. Slide Source: FSA 2005 Stormwater Survey, www.florida-stormwater.org Florida Stormwater Fees (2005)

6. Chart Source: Triangle J Council of Governments 2006 Stormwater Survey

8. Exclusions Slide Source: FSA 2005 Stormwater Survey, www.florida-stormwater.org

9. Utility User Fees Slide Source: 2005 Stormwater Utility Survey, Black and Veatch

10. Funding Capital Improvements (n=99) Slide Source: 2005 Stormwater Utility Survey, Black and Veatch

11. A.Ad Valorem (N = 12) B.Sales Tax (N = 5) C.Gas Tax (N = 13 D.Other (N = 33) Slide Source: FSA 2005 Stormwater Survey, www.florida-stormwater.org Sources for Capital Programs

12. Impact Fees Slide Source: 2005 Stormwater Utility Survey, Black and Veatch

13. SC Clean Water SRF 2.50% Non-point Source  up to $4 million per borrower  25% of cost must apply to BMPs 3.50% Standard Rate http://www.scdhec.net/environment/water/ srf-cw.htm http://www.scdhec.net/environment/water/ srf-cw.htm

15. Commercial Debt General Obligation Bonds Revenue Bonds