1. Present Simple Grammar Guide mgr Anna Waligórska – Kotfas PWSZ Konin

2. Verb Form – Affirmatives  In the affirmative the present simple has the same form as the infinitive. The verb only changes after he, she or it (3rd person singular), when we add -s to the base form I read we read you read you read he reads they read she reads she reads it reads

3. Spelling Rules Note the following spelling rules with -s endings:  base forms ending in -o / -s / -sh / -ch / -x / -z  add –es : we watch → she watches  base forms ending in a consonant+Y  change Y to I and add –es : they copy → he copies  base forms ending in a vowel+Y  no change : I play → she plays  But: you have  she has

4. Verb Form – Affirmatives I go to school by bus. I go to school by bus. You start work at 8 o’clock. Carina likes hospital dramas so she watches ‘ER’ every week. He plays golf on Saturdays. It snows in winter. We drink coffee every morning. They come from France.

5. Verb Form – Negatives  We form the negatives with the auxiliary do + not + infinitive does  We usually use the contracted forms don’t and doesn’t in speech and informal writing: Japanese cooking doesn’t use a lot of dairy food. We don’t play volleyball.

6. Verb Form – Negatives  In standard English nobody, nothing, never are themselves enough to give a negative meaning, and not is unnecessary They never drink tea with milk. Nothing else matters. Nobody in our group plays golf.

7. Verb Form – Y/N Questions  We form the y/n questions with the auxiliary Do + subject + infinitive Does Does she work on Sundays? Do interest rates usually go up in order to reduce inflation?  The short answers are: Yes, she does. No, they don’t.

8. Verb Form – Wh- Questions  We form the wh- questions with do Question word ++ subject + infinitive does What does he do? How much does it cost? Where do they come from?

9. Verb Form – Negatives & Questions I don’t like tea. Do you travel a lot? No, I don’t. Where do you live? She doesn’t work in a bank. Does she live in Atlanta? Yes, she does. What time does she get up?

10. Verb Form - Practice  Jennifer finishes work at 10.30 a.m. y/n?wh-?

11. Verb Form - Practice  Jennifer finishes work at 10.30 a.m.  Jennifer doesn’t finish work at 10.30 a.m. y/n? Does Jennifer finish work at 10.30?  Yes, she does.  No, she doesn’t. wh-?What does she finish at 10.30? What time does she finish work?

12. Verb Form - Practice  Bill has four pets at home. y/n?wh-?

13. Verb Form - Practice  Bill has four pets at home.  Bill doesn’t have four pets at home. y/n? Does he have four pets at home?  Yes, he does.  No, he doesn’t. wh-?What does he have at home? How many pets does he have at home?

14. Verb Form - Practice  John and Jim like playing basketball after school. y/n?wh-?

15. Verb Form - Practice  John and Jim like playing basketball after school.  They don’t like playing basketball after school. y/n? Do they like playing basketball after school?  Yes, they do.  No, they don’t. wh-?What do they like playing after school? When do they like playing basketball?

16. Use: General truths and facts We often use the present simple to state truths and to describe things which we feel are facts or permanent situations:  things which are generally true: British people drink a lot of tea, while Americans drink more coffee. People in Brazil love dancing.

17. Use: General truths and facts  facts: Broken bones in adults don’t heal as fast as they do in children. Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. It rarely snows in Africa. Vegetarians don’t eat meat.

18. Use: General truths and facts  permanent situations: A colony of Antarctic penguins lives in Marwell Zoo. They speak fluent English. Alice works for an insurance company.

19. Use: Repeated events / actions  We use the present simple to describe things that happen on a regular basis, such as habits and customs: I get up at 7 o’clock every day. He often does his homework in the afternoon. The Blairs take their summer holiday in a quiet part of Tuscany. I always cry when I watch a sad film.

20. Time Expressions We often use the present simple with:  adverbs of frequency 100% 0% always / usually / often / sometimes / hardly ever / never Share prices usually change on a daily basis – but often by very little. He hardly ever watches football on TV.

21. Time Expressions Note the word order of the adverbs of frequency:  before the main verb: We never drink wine at lunchtime. He hardly ever smokes and he doesn’t usually eat meat.  after the verb be: She is always late. They are often ill.

22. Time Expressions We also use the present simple with expressions of frequency:  every day / week / month / year  once a day / week / month / year  twice a day / week / month / year  three times a day / week / month / year Our two chefs provide an excellent choice of hot meals every day.

23. Time Expressions Note the word order of the expressions of frequency:  the end of the sentence She cleans her teeth three times a day. We go to the opera twice a month. They watch a film on DVD every week.  the beginning of the sentence Every day he goes for a short walk in the park. Once a month we invite our friends and cook a really nice meal together.

24. So / Neither (Nor) A: I speak Spanish. B: (  ) So do I. / So does she. (  ) I don’t. / He doesn’t. A: I don’t play the piano. B: (  ) Nor do I. / Nor does she. (  ) I do. / He does.

25. So / Neither (Nor) A: Do you smoke? B: (  ) Yes, I do. B: (  ) No, I don’t. A: (  ) So do I. A: (  ) Nor do I. A: (  ) I don’t. A: (  ) I do.

26. So / Neither (Nor) - Practice  often go to a casino  play golf at the weekend  check e-mails every day  always pay by credit card  drive to school  go to a fitness centre on Fridays  drink coffee in the morning  read a newspaper every morning  always turn the mobile off during classes  go jogging in the evening  play football once a week  get up at 7 o’clock  speak a foreign language  take a nap after dinner  study English every day  meet friends at the weekend  walk the dog three times a day  water the plants once a week

27. Activity  Prepare eight different questions then ask the questions to eight different people make notes: Do you often go to a casino? Janek: Janek: Do you drink coffee in the morning? Kasia: 

28. Activity  Look at the notes and write sentences including information about yourself: Janek often goes to a casino and so do I. Kasia doesn’t drink coffee in the morning but I do.

29. Use the present simple tense correctly!

30. Activity  a castle  whisky  Look at the pictures and words and make sentences. and words and words

31. Activity  He drinks whisky.  He doesn't smoke.  He plays tennis.  He watches MTV.  He lives in a castle.  He has ten children.

32. Activity  Do you smoke?  Do you play tennis?  Do you speak French?  Do you play football?  Do you like fast food?  Do you like Chinese food?

33. Bibliography 1. Bourke K.: Verbs and Tenses: Intermediate. Test it, Fix it. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. 2. Leech G., Cruickshank B., Ivanic R.: An A-Z of English Grammar & Usage. Harlow: Longman, 2004. 3. Murphy R.: English Grammar in Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. 4. Swan M.: Practical English Usage. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. 5. Thomas A. J., Martinet A. V.: A practical English Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986. 6. Vince M.: Intermediate Language Practice (New Edition). Oxford: Macmillan Education 2010. 7. British Council: Learn English: http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english- grammar/verbs/present-tense/present-simple, 23.10.2013. http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english- grammar/verbs/present-tense/present-simple http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english- grammar/verbs/present-tense/present-simple