1. Research Center Řež Central Hydrogen Production by High-Temperature Electrolysis Cogeneration System Karin Stehlík October 13 th 2015 WHTC, Sydney

2. Content 2 Research Institute Rez Status and significance of H 2 production Importance central H 2 production H 2 production technologies Evaluation of central H 2 production options Conclusions

3. Nuclear research center 2 research reactors Research in II., III. and IV. generation reactors Up-grade by SUSEN SUSEN Sustainable Energy European infrastructure project Budget 90Mio. € New areas fusion and HTE Member of Czech Hydrogen Technology Platform Research Center Rez 3

4. Hydrogen Days 2016 in Prague 4

5. Status of H 2 production 5 Now: ammonia steel production petrochemical industries Future: enabling H 2 economy

6. Status of H 2 production 6 Commercial maturity curve of integrated hydrogen projects Source: SBC Energy Institute, FactBook, Hydrogen-based energy conversion Maturity Capital requirement x technology risk Steam water electrolysis (SOEC)

7. Significance of H 2 production 7 Future: H 2 economy Key technology is conversion between H 2 and electricity H 2 to fulfil different needs

8. Significance of H 2 production 8 Future: H 2 economy Key technology is conversion between H 2 and electricity H 2 to fulfil different needs Now2015 - 2020Beyond 2030 H 2 as an industrial chemical + H 2 refuelling stations + H 2 for energy storage Energy systems expected to have evolved significantly Source: E4tech, Development of Water Electrolysis in the European Union

9. Importance of central H 2 production H 2 not only for energy storage H 2 production only from current excess Give not enough H 2 Results in low utilization of electrolyser Besides local, need of central production, too 9

10. Importance of central H 2 production H 2 not only for energy storage H 2 production only from current excess Give not enough H 2 Results in low utilization of electrolyser Besides local, need of central production, too Fraunhofer electrolysis study for Germany: 10

11. H 2 production technologies Now: steam methane reforming, alkaline electrolysis Future: PEM electrolyser, SOEC SOEC offers reverse mode (round trip electrical energy) Highest theoretical efficiency of all electrolysers Possibility of co-generation systems PEM more flexible Alkaline only little cost reduction potential 11

12. SOEC in co-generation Co-generation possible with every waste heat generating process at T ≈ 600°C, e.g. Combustion of waste or biomass Industrial processes Geothermal sources 12

13. SOEC in co-generation 2 elaborated concepts in literature HTE in co-generation with HT nuclear reactor (HTR) HTE co-generation with solar power plant 13

14. HTE in co-generation with HTR 14 Nuclear reactor IV th generation Cooling medium helium Operation temperature of reactor 900°C

15. High-temperature reactor, gas-cooled helium gas turbine compressor generator For distribution electrical energy helium hydrogen O2O2 water Water steam Heat exchanger mixture steam/water mixture steam/H 2 separation steam/hydrogen membrane electrolyte anode cathode High- temperature electrolyser Electricity for HTE recuperation HTE in co-generation with HTR J.E. O‘Brien et al., Int. Journal of Hydrogen Energy (2010) p. 4808–4819

16. High-temperature reactor, gas-cooled helium gas turbine compressor generator For distribution electrical energy helium hydrogen O2O2 water Water steam Heat exchanger mixture steam/water mixture steam/H 2 separation steam/hydrogen membrane electrolyte anode cathode High- temperature electrolyser Electricity for HTE recuperation Development within SUSEN HTE in co-generation with HTR

17. Area for mirrors 24,9km 2 Electrolyser power 2,25 GW Most efficient in desert Water supply? Distance to consumer? HTE in co-generation with solar pp 17 Sanz-Bermejo, J., et al., Applied Energy, 2014. 131(0): p. 238-247.

18. Comparison of co-generation concepts 18 IV. Gen.SolarGeothermalIndustrial processes Biomass/ waste Fuel Urani- um SunGround heat Waste heat Biomass/ waste Fuel price --++ ++ Investment costs --+-00 Risks --+000 Dependent on region ++---+0 Dispatchable operation ++- 0+ Waste -++ 00

19. Conclusions 19 R&D main priority is improving conversion technologies Central H 2 production will be essential in a H 2 economy SOEC is an efficient way SOEC offers the possibility of syngas production Only 2 exotic concepts Broad variety of applications

20. Th 2 ank you for your attention and…

21. …see you in Prague in 2017 www.hytep.cz Thank you for your attention and… Karin.Stehlik@cvrez.cz