1. ¸üµÖŸÖ ×¿ÖÖÖ ÃÖÓãÖÖ, ú´ÖÔ¾Ö߸ü ×¾ÖªÖ¯ÖϲÖÖê׬֭Öß, ´Ö¬µÖ ×¾Ö³Ö֐Ö, ÃÖÖŸÖÖ¸üÖ Std 8 Sub EnglishChapter 3.14 2.7 Read carefully and use - A way with words Many phrases and expressions that we use in English today come from Shakespeare’s plays. Everyone who knows English well, knows something at least about the famous plays and characters of Shakespeare. Some specially well- known phrases are used even in everyday situations.

2. ¸üµÖŸÖ ×¿ÖÖÖ ÃÖÓãÖÖ, ú´ÖÔ¾Ö߸ü ×¾ÖªÖ¯ÖϲÖÖê׬֭Öß, ´Ö¬µÖ ×¾Ö³Ö֐Ö, ÃÖÖŸÖÖ¸üÖ Std 8 Sub EnglishChapter 3.14 Here are two of such expressions: To be or not to be This phrase comes from the play,Hamlet, Prince of Denmark (Act III, Scene I) The entire line is : To be or not to be : that is the question, Hamlet says this when he is so upset that he wants to end his life.But he cannot make up his mind. He is in a dilemma. A dilemma is a situation in which one has to choose between two undesirable or unpleasant things. One doesn’t know what to do because both the options are equally bad.

3. ¸üµÖŸÖ ×¿ÖÖÖ ÃÖÓãÖÖ, ú´ÖÔ¾Ö߸ü ×¾ÖªÖ¯ÖϲÖÖê׬֭Öß, ´Ö¬µÖ ×¾Ö³Ö֐Ö, ÃÖÖŸÖÖ¸üÖ Std 8 Sub EnglishChapter 3.14 Hamlet is a young person. He does not really want to die but at the same time, he does not like what he sees around himself. So, he doesn’t want to live. Meaning- To live or not to live—which is better? It is implied that both options are equally bad. When we use the phrase, we make changes in it to show the things we have to do (and don’t really want to do). Use:

4. ¸üµÖŸÖ ×¿ÖÖÖ ÃÖÓãÖÖ, ú´ÖÔ¾Ö߸ü ×¾ÖªÖ¯ÖϲÖÖê׬֭Öß, ´Ö¬µÖ ×¾Ö³Ö֐Ö, ÃÖÖŸÖÖ¸üÖ Std 8 Sub EnglishChapter 3.14 Nilesh is being blamed for tearing up the wall map.The teacher may punish him. But I know that it is Abhay who tore up the map. He is my friend, so I don’t really want to tell this to the teacher. I can’t make up my mind – to tell or not to tell ? Mrs. Joshi was Shilpa’s boss. Mrs. Joshi was very careless with books. She folded the pages, wrote upon them, spilled tea and food on the book. Once Shilpa bought a beautiful and expensive book. Mrs. Joshi wanted to borrow it. Shilpa could not say, ‘No’ to her but did not really want to give her the book. ‘To give or not to give – that is the question, she thought.

5. ¸üµÖŸÖ ×¿ÖÖÖ ÃÖÓãÖÖ, ú´ÖÔ¾Ö߸ü ×¾ÖªÖ¯ÖϲÖÖê׬֭Öß, ´Ö¬µÖ ×¾Ö³Ö֐Ö, ÃÖÖŸÖÖ¸üÖ Std 8 Sub EnglishChapter 3.14 The most unkindest cut of all This phrase is from the play ‘Julius Ceaser’ (ActIII Scene II). Julius Ceaser was a great Roman emperor. The members of his senate came together and killed him by stabbing him. Mark Antony, who loved Ceaser, uses this expression in the play when he shows the body of the dead emperor to the citizens of Rome.

6. ¸üµÖŸÖ ×¿ÖÖÖ ÃÖÓãÖÖ, ú´ÖÔ¾Ö߸ü ×¾ÖªÖ¯ÖϲÖÖê׬֭Öß, ´Ö¬µÖ ×¾Ö³Ö֐Ö, ÃÖÖŸÖÖ¸üÖ Std 8 Sub EnglishChapter 3.14 The emperor is stabbed by many and there are many wounds on his body. Antony shows the wound given by Brutus’s knife and calls it –‘the most unkindest cut of all’ because Brutus was Ceaser’s friend and Ceaser trusted him. Normally, we can either say ‘the most unkind ‘ or ‘the unkindest’. The expression ‘ the most unkindest’ is grammatically not correct. Here, Shakespeare has set aside rules of grammar. He has used both ‘most’ as well as ‘unkindest’ to emphasize how unkind he was.

7. ¸üµÖŸÖ ×¿ÖÖÖ ÃÖÓãÖÖ, ú´ÖÔ¾Ö߸ü ×¾ÖªÖ¯ÖϲÖÖê׬֭Öß, ´Ö¬µÖ ×¾Ö³Ö֐Ö, ÃÖÖŸÖÖ¸üÖ Std 8 Sub EnglishChapter 3.14 Meaning: The phrase indicates that a wound given by a friend is worse than the one given by an enemy. The one given by the closest friend is the worst. It hurts the most. In the same way, all insults or offences are bad or painful—but if your best friend insults you and deceives you or does something to hurt you, you find it even more painful

8. ¸üµÖŸÖ ×¿ÖÖÖ ÃÖÓãÖÖ, ú´ÖÔ¾Ö߸ü ×¾ÖªÖ¯ÖϲÖÖê׬֭Öß, ´Ö¬µÖ ×¾Ö³Ö֐Ö, ÃÖÖŸÖÖ¸üÖ Std 8 Sub EnglishChapter 3.14 Use : Mitali was putting back the glass jar on the shelf in the lab. It slipped from her hands and broke into pieces. The teacher called her, ‘Butterfingers!’ Everyone began to laugh including Vaishali. ‘It’s O K, for the others to laugh. But Vaishali is my best friend, thought Mitali, ‘Why did she laugh at me with the others? That was the most unkindest cut of all. Write an example each to show the use of these expressions.