1. History of Computers
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2. Computer History Manual Calculators Mechanical Calculators
Computer Prototypes
Generations of Computers
Personal Computers
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3. Manual Calculators
Device that assists in the process of numeric calculations, but requires the human operator to keep track of the algorithm
Figure 1-1
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4. Manual Calculators
Napier’s Bones (left) evolved into the slide rule (right).
Figure 1-2
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5. Mechanical Calculators
Implements algorithms autonomously
Schickard’s Calculator
Pascaline
Leibniz Calculator
deColmar’s Arithmometer
Difference Engine
Analytical Engine
Hollerith Tabulating Machine
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6. Mechanical Calculators
Figure 1-3
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7. Computer Prototypes
An experimental device that typically must be further developed and perfected
Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) Z3
Figure 1-4
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8. Computer Prototypes
IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (Harvard Mark I)
COLOSSUS
ENIAC
Figure 1-5
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9. Generations of Computers
UNIVAC is considered the first commercially successful digital computer
First-generation computers
Vacuum tubes
Second-generation computers
Transistors
Figures 1-6 and 1-7
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10. Generations of Computers
Third-generation computers
Integrated circuits
RCA Spectra 70
IBM 360
DEC PDP-8
IBM AS/400
Fourth-generation computers
Microprocessor
Figure 1-8, 1-1
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11. Personal Computers Mark-8 MITS Altair Apple I / Apple II VisiCalc
Figure 1-10, 1-11
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12. Personal Computers IBM PC Apple Lisa Xerox Alto Apple Macintosh
IBM PC XT
Apple Lisa
Xerox Alto
Apple Macintosh
Figure 1-12, 1-13
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