1. IR REFLECTIVE PIGMENTS AND COLORANTS David White Heucotech, Ltd. 99 Newbold Road Fairless Hills, PA 19030-4307 215-736-0712 Davewhite@heubachcolor.com Western Coatings Show October 25-28, 2015 Las Vegas, NV

2. Agenda  Introduction  Challenge & Principle  Current main Application: Coil Coating / Roofing  Wood Coating  IR-reflecting Pigments in Multilayer Systems  Smart formulating of a Car Refinish System  Enhanced life-time of a composite Thermal Insulation System  Benefits

3. IR REFLECTIVE PIGMENTS Introduction / Principle

4. IR REFLECTIVE PIGMENTS

5. cities with IR-absorbing surfaces (streets, pavements, dark roofs etc.) temperature in the city center is 2°- 5°C higher compared to suburb

6. IR REFLECTIVE PIGMENTS Solar emission spectrum of the sun ~50% of total energy in NIR (near infrared radiation) NIR-radiation UV 0 m N.N. (sea level) wavelength [nm]

7. slide 7 / 38 (NIR)-Radiation Absorption Reflection Emission (Radiation und convection) Heat flux Interaction of (pigmented) surfaces with (NIR)-Radiation IR REFLECTIVE PIGMENTS

8. slide 8 / 38 1. Reflectivity is the fraction of the solar energy that is reflected by the surface (roof, wall) back to the sky. White color has the highest solar reflectance, while black has the lowest. 2. Emissivity is the emission of the absorbed heat as IR radiation. High infrared emissivity helps to keep surfaces cool. Metallic surfaces for example have a low infrared emissivity. 3. Roof insulation All 3 effects combined offer a system that significantly reduces heat build-up in buildings IR REFLECTIVE PIGMENTS

9. slide 9 / 38 IR REFLECTIVE PIGMENTS The surface temperature coated with an IR reflecting pigment increases less during the day time. High solar reflectance reflects the radiation before it effects the energy balance of the roof (building)! It is mainly seen from sunset to morning, where a surface with a high emissivity cools down faster. High infrared emittance gives the roof (building) the ability to radiate some of the absorbed solar energy!

10. slide 10 / 38 IR REFLECTIVE PIGMENTS TSR means Total Solar Reflectance TSR is the total amount of solar energy that is immediately rejected by the surface material (e.g. coating). This term is a key figure to describe the heat build-up of surfaces. A high TSR indicates efficient reflection – a low TSR value indicates a strong tendency to absorb NIR light and hence a significant heat build-up! It is useful to interpret the TSR value in relation to the matrix used and/or a reference pigment (e.g. titanium dioxide) IR-

11. slide 11 / 38 heat build-up of different pigments until equilibrium stage (20% Pigmentation in Alkyd/Melamine) according to ASTM D4803 max.  T 20 °C Paint characteristic: heat build-up IR REFLECTIVE PIGMENTS

12. Pigment Characteristic: Total Solar Reflectance TSR – Spectra of different Pigments (20% Pigmentation in Alkyd/Melamine)

13. slide 13 / 38 Dry film thickness / NIR-Opacity / Influence of Substrate TSR-value of a P.Br.29 as function of the dry film thickness at a constant Pigment/Binder ratio over black (absorbing) substrate: the influence of the substrate is decreasing with increasing dry film thickness IR REFLECTIVE PIGMENTS

14. slide 14 / 38 TSR-value / temperature difference IR REFLECTIVE PIGMENTS

15. slide 15 / 38 NIR-Reflective Pigments for Roof Coating Did you know white-painted metal roofing has the highest solar reflectance value of any roofing product available and can save you up to 40% of your annual energy bills?

16. slide 16 / 38 IR-Reflecting Pigments – Main Application Coil Coating

17. slide 17 / 38 IR-Reflecting Pigments – Main Application „Cool Roofs“

18. slide 18 / 38 NIR-Reflective Pigments for Roof Coating

19. IR REFLECTIVE PIGMENTS ecological contribution of NIR-reflecting Pigments  Interior Heat management by reduced heat flux (reduced energy consumption for cooling)  Increased lifetime by reduced thermal binder degradation (Arrhenius-Equation k = A * exp (-E a /RT) ) (exponential increase of degradation rate in relation to temperature)  Increased lifetime by reduced thermomechanical stress

20. slide 20 / 38 Applications - NIR REFLECTIVE COATINGS

21. slide 21 / 38 NIR-Reflecting Coatings IR Reflective pigments- reflecting CICPs – Complex Inorganic IR Reflective pigments- reflecting CICPs – Complex Inorganic Colored Pigments Colored Pigments Offer a wide range of color shades from yellow to black! Offer a wide range of color shades from yellow to black! They provide an outstanding performance profile: They provide an outstanding performance profile: for optimum NIR-reflection for optimum NIR-reflection superior weather- and light fastness superior weather- and light fastness opacity, dispersibility opacity, dispersibility high TSR values high TSR values highest outdoor durability highest outdoor durability excellent cost efficiency excellent cost efficiency

22. slide 22 / 38 PRODUCT TSR in % PY 53 Nickel Antimony Titanium Yellow 63 PBr 24 Chrome Antimony Titanium Yellow 54 PBr 24 Chrome Antimony Titanium Yellow 58 PG 50 Cobalt Titanate Green 23 PBl 28 Cobalt Aluminate Blue 27 PBl 28 Cobalt Aluminate Blue 34 PBl 36 Cobalt Chromite Blue 24 PBr 29 Iron Chromite Brown 22 PG 17 Chromium Green-Black 21 PBr 35 Iron Chromite Spinel 24 PBk 30 Chrome Iron Nickel Black 10

23. slide 23 / 38 Applications - Wood Coatings

24. slide 24 / 38 craters- and blisters T max = 60°C T max = 90°C NIR-reflecting pigmentationConventional pigmentation Colour difference after 7h irradiation  E = 0,5  E = 2,2 Wood panels under max. temperature impact IR-reflecting Colorants – Wood Coating

25. slide 25 / 38 cyclic impact on coated spruce panels 4 cycles:48h conditioning (50% humidity at room temperature) 6h IR-Irradiation 48h conditioning (50% humidity at room temperature) NIR-reflecting PigmentationConventional Pigmentation Loss of adhesion and blistering Loss of adhesion and blistering  E = 0,2  E = 1,7 IR-reflecting Colorants – Wood Coating

26. slide 26 / 38 Applications - Composite Thermal Insulation

27. slide 27 / 38 Using IR reflecting pigments, the heat build-up on the composite thermal insulation is reduced, with positive impact on prevention of premature failure Brick Plaster Insulation ≥20°C 80°C Increased thermal/thermo- mechanical stress due to higher surface temperatures Brick Plaster Insulation 20°C 60°C IR-Reflecting Colorants – Composite Thermal Insulation Exterior coating with IR-reflecting pigment Exterior coating without IR-reflecting pigment Composite Thermal Insulation

28. slide 28 / 38 A comparison of IR-reflecting black pigments (PBk 30,PBr 29) with IR absorbing pigments (PBk 7, PBk 11) shows dramatic differences in heat build-up  = 15°C * Measured in a closed box, interior walls Al-foil covered, 150W IR-bulb, electronically dimmed to 60W, 32 cm distance lamp-sample, contactless temperature measurement by IR thermometer, sample 100x200x22 mm IR-Reflecting Colorants – Composite Thermal Insulation

29. slide 29 / 38 At lower proportions of black pigment in 1/9 STD formulations, the heat build-up of non IR-reflecting pigments still is drastically higher  = 13°C IR-Reflecting Colorants – Composite Thermal Insulation * Measured in a closed box, interior walls Al-foil covered, 150W IR-bulb, electronically dimmed to 60W, 32 cm distance lamp-sample, contactless temperature measurement by IR thermometer, sample 100x200x22 mm

30. slide 30 / 38  = 7°C Even small amounts of non IR-reflecting pigments in a very light 1/25 STD colour „poison“ the system regarding heat build-up: PBk 7 and PBk 11 need to be avoided when formulating cool dark and light colors IR-Reflecting Colorants – Composite Thermal Insulation * Measured in a closed box, interior walls Al-foil covered, 150W IR-bulb, electronically dimmed to 60W, 32 cm distance lamp-sample, contactless temperature measurement by IR thermometer, sample 100x200x22 mm

31. slide 31 / 38 PBk7PBk30PBk7PBk30 Composite thermal insulation with plaster colored with PBk7 and an IR- reflecting pigment were irradiated with Red/IR-light in a closed box The surface of the carbon black plaster reached temperatures of >105°C, causing the insulation layer to degrade in the zone of highest irradiance IR-Reflecting Colorants – Composite Thermal Insulation

32. slide 32 / 38 Measurement of maximum temperatures under realistic conditions Experimental parameters  Langelsheim, Germany (51.93°N, 10.34°E); sample facing south  9.7.2010; 14:00 o‘clock  38°C maximum air temperature Thin insulation (20 mm) ~15°, south Thick insulation (110 mm) ~45°, south PBk30 1/3 STD PBk7 1/3 STD PBr 29 1/9 STD PBk7, 1/9 STD IR-Reflecting Colorants – Composite Thermal Insulation

33. slide 33 / 38 PBk7 PBk30 PBk7 PBk30 Composite thermal insulation with plaster colored with PBk 7 and IR-reflecting PBk 30 on professional composite thermal insulation were irradiated with Red/IR-light in a closed box The surface of the plaster colored with PBk 7 reached temperatures of max. 102°C, with visibile effects on the structural integrity of the insulation layer in the zone of highest irradiance, even in this professional set-up after 5h irradiation ! IR-Reflecting Colorants – Composite Thermal Insulation

34. slide 34 / 38October 2012 Temperature build-up of composite thermal insulation can be reduced by using IR- reflecting Pigments  especially PBk7 (Carbon black) and PBk11 (black ironoxide) have to be avoided, even in low concentrations Positive effect on heat management expected  Less heat transfer into buildings => less energy consumption for cooling Longer life-time of composite thermal insulation can be expected with the use of IR-reflecting pigments in the top coat (coloured plaster, painted plaster)  Less thermal stress/degradation on binder  Less ageing of the insulation layer  Less thermomechanical stress on the interface plaster/insulation layer Application of darker colours with lower luminosity values becomes possible IR-Reflecting Colorants – Composite Thermal Insulation

35. slide 35 / 38 Thank You for your Attention !!! David White Heucotech, Ltd. 99 Newbold Road Fairless Hills, PA 19030-4307 215-736-0712 ext. 142 Davewhite@heubachcolor.com QUESTIONS?