1. ANALYZING THEMES AND ISSUES MS. WHITFIELD Comparing Canada in 1914 and today in 2015

2. 1914 2015 Population: 7,206,643 Largest cities: Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg, Vancouver 52% of population under 25 4.3% of population over 65 437, 347 more men than women Population, 30,749,600 Largest cities in Canada: Toronto, Montreal, Calgary, Ottawa 29% of population under 25 15% of population are over 65 Geography

3. 1914 Census 2011 52% of population was British 28.5% of population was French 5.5% of population was German 1.8% of population was Austro-Hungarian 19.81% is English 15.42% is French 14.35% is Scottish 9.75% is German.96% of Hungarian

4. Canadian Military 1914  Not really a military nation  Fought in the Boer War in South Africa, 1899-1901.  No professional army  Navy consisted of two old cruiser ships  Militia had 3,110 men ; 684 horses  74,606 ‘citizen soldiers’- civilians who had some training and 16,630 of their horses 2015 IN Europe: Operation Reassurance with NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) to do counter-terrorism patrols until June 2016 International operations, Ukraine | Operation UNIFIER-providing security In the Middle East- Operation IMPACT is the CAF– the multinational military coalition against the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in the Republic of Iraq and in Syria. Continental operations, Northwest Territories | Operation NUNAKPUT- asserting sovereignty over Canada’s northernmost regions, and to maximize effectiveness in response to safety and security issues in the North. Continental operations, Saskatchewan | Operation LENTUS 15-02- Royal Canadian Air Force is supporting fire-fighting efforts in Saskatchewan to fight forest fires.

5. Soldiers’ wages  Colonel $7.20/day  Lieutetant $2.60/day  Private $1.10/day Military Spending: $11,151,398.63 Spent on militia and defence $237,770,499.60 (converted to 2014 dollars) 8.8% of budget expenditure Canadian Armed Forces: 68,000, plus 27,000 reservists, 5000 Rangers, and 19,000 supplementary reserves, bringing the total force to approximately 119,000.reservists Royal Canadian Air Force: 14,500 Regular Force and 2,600Primary Reserve personnel, supported by 2,500 civilians.Regular ForcePrimary Reserve Royal Canadian Navy: 8,500 Regular Force and 5,100 Primary Reserve sailors, supported by 5,300 civiliansRegular ForcePrimary Reserve

6. Wages and Salaries Steam Railway Conductor: $102.18 ($2,178.69-2014) Telegraph operator: $68.64 ($1,463.54-2014) Farm Labourer (Male) $35.55 ($758-2014) Farm Labourer $18.81 ($401.07-2014) *wages per month Minimum wage is $10.20 $3,947 average monthly wage in Canada

7. Costs of living RENT in 1914: $20.15/ $429.64 (converted to 2014 dollars) FUEL AND LIGHTING in 1914$8.20/ $174.84 Rent 1 bedroom apartment-between $1000-$1500 depending on size and location

8. Food costs BREAD- (1 loaf)- 6¢ $1.28 (converted to 2014 dollars) MILK (6 qts.)- 53¢/ $11.30 EGGS (1 dozen)- 34¢/$7.25 SIRLOIN STEAK (2lb.)- 49¢/ $10.45 Loaf of bread: $2.77 Milk (1litre): $2.10 Eggs (1 doz): $3.34

9. The economy 1914 All about production from forestry and agriculture (grain) to manufacturing (had doubled in a decade due to investments in hundreds of branch plants in the USA) 2015 Labour force by occupation: Agriculture 2% Manufacturing 13% Construction 6% Services 76% Other 3% Market-oriented and globalized economy Lots of imports and exports

10. Industries MANUFACTURING* $1,381,547,225/ $29,457,396,764 (converted to 2014 dollars) AGRICULTURE (field crops) $638,580,300/ $13,615,830,803

11. Industries FOREST PRODUCTS $176,672,000/ $3,767,006,373 MINING $128,475,499/ $2,739,358,945 Major industries:

12. Foreign investments 1/3 of British foreign investment came to Canada British money invested in Canada $1,280,286,475 was invested from 1905 to the end of April, 1911. $27,298,311,619 (converted to 2014 dollars) Major investments from China in excess of $90 million USD

13. Telephones and telecommunications 1914 Classic telephone was still new First coast-to-coast call made in 1915 521,144 Telephones in Canada 1 for every 15.5 Canadians 2015 Cellular technology is wide-spread 28,429, 308 cell phone users in Canada

14. Sending mail by the post SNAIL MAILING Canadians loved sending post-mail. Canadians mailed... 737,638,000 in 1914 Cost to mail a letter in 1914- 2-3 cents Snail mail is almost non- existant; replaced by electronic mail in a variety of formats 85 cents to mail a letter

15. Railroad travel 661,412,099 Train trips Today about 4.4 million travellers ride the rail with CN, CP and Via each year, while another 50 million commute on Southern Ontario's GO train.

16. Source: “What life in Canada was like before the First World War.” Globe and Mail, Eds. RICK CASH, MURAT YUKSELIR AND JERRY JOHNSON http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/what-life-in- canada-was-like-before-the-first-world-war/article19342310/