1. The Cardiovascular System GCSE PE

2. Test yourself… In the back of your book, in silence, how many keywords can you think of in one minute. The keywords must relate to…

3. Starter activity… Spot Test! 1.Identify the three main parts of the cardiovascular system (3) 2.What two things do the cardiovascular system transport around the body? (2) 3.What is the job of (i) arteries? (ii) veins? (2) 4.Where does the deoxygenated blood become oxygenated? (1) 5.Define heart rate (1) 6.Define stroke volume (1) 7.How can we calculate cardiac output? (1) 8.What is systolic blood pressure? (2) 9.What is diastolic blood pressure? (2) TOTAL /15

4. Learning Objectives… To identify the short and long term effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system To understand these effects of exercise To analyse how your lifestyle affects your cardiovascular system

5. Effects of exercise… Exercise is good for your cardiovascular system. What do you think the difference is between short and long term effects of exercise?

6. Short Term Effects… When you exercise, your heart rate increases to increase the blood supply to your muscles Your heart also contracts more strongly to pump even more blood around the body. This increases your blood pressure. The more strongly your heart contracts, the higher your systolic pressure will be. Your diastolic pressure will usually stay the same. This is what happens to your body immediately!

7. Long Term Effects… Your heart gets bigger and stronger Increase in stroke volume and cardiac output - this means your heart will pump more strongly, and more blood with each beat Resting heart rate decreases – this is because your heart has to pump less often to pump the same amount of blood around your body Veins and arteries get bigger and stretchier – so your blood pressure falls. They also get stronger. The better blood supply to your muscles, the faster your body can recover after exercise. This is what happens to your body if you have been exercising all your life!

8. Lifestyle Effects… Your whole lifestyle affects your cardiovascular system Can you think of different aspects of your lifestyle that can effect your cardiovascular fitness? Have a think to yourself… Share your ideas with a partner… Feedback to the class…

9. Lifestyle effects… DIETDRUGS Eating a diet that’s high in saturated fat and salt can cause your blood pressure and cholesterol to increase However, you need a certain amount of cholesterol to live Cholesterol gets transported in your blood stream by two different proteins – LDL and HDL Drugs can have an effect on your blood pressure Drinking alcohol causes high blood pressure Smoking and nicotine can cause a temporary rise in blood pressure

10. Cholesterol… Cholesterol gets transported by two different proteins… LDL and HDL LDL (Low-density lipoprotein)HDL (High-density lipoprotein) Transports cholesterol to your cells This is often called the ‘bad type’ because having too much can block your blood vessels This helps get rid of excess cholesterol from the body Having a lot of HDL is a good thing as it helps to stop a build up of cholesterol You can increase your level of HDL by exercising

11. Rest… How can rest effect your cardiovascular system? Rest is required for adaptations of the heart to take place Rest is needed for cardiac hypertrophy to take place Rest is required for heart rate to recover to resting level

12. Lifestyle effects… Have a think about the three things we have just spoke about… Diet Drugs Rest How do you think Jessica Ennis takes these into consideration to make sure her cardiovascular fitness is where it needs to be for her 800m? Write a paragraph in your book explaining this.

13. Exam questions… Complete the worksheet with exam questions based on what we have learnt over the past two lessons Make sure you recognise the key words in the questions and your answer reflects the amount of marks the question is worth