2.  The launch of the first man-made object to orbit the Earth, the USSR's Sputnik 1, on 4 October 1957EarthSputnik 1  Four years later on April 12, 1961, Russian Lt. Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit Earth in Vostok 1.  first Moon landing by the American Apollo 11 craft on 20 July 1969 MoonApollo 11

3.  Skylab, America’s first space station, was a human-spaceflight highlight of the 1970s, as was the Apollo Soyuz Test Project, the world’s first internationally crewed (American and Russian) space mission.

4.  Challenger disaster : January 28, 1986.  Rubber O-rings that sealed the joints of the shuttle’s solid rocket boosters—were vulnerable to failure at low temperatures.  Columbia Disaster : February 1, 2003.  a piece of foam insulation broke off from the Space Shuttle external tankand struck the left wing.Space Shuttle external tank

5.  Established in 1969 August 15  Vikram Sarabai

6.  SLV - The first Indian Satellite Launch Vehicle – 1980  ASLV - Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle - 1987  PSLV - Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle – 1994  GSLV - Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle - 2000

7.  Aryabhatta - X-Ray Astronomy - 1975 (Launched from Russia)X-Ray  Bhaskara - TV Cameras – 1979  Bhaskara 2 - TV Cameras – 1981  Rohini - India's first launch – 1981  SROSS - Scientific Experiments - 1994 IRS Series - Indian Remote Sensing Satellite - 1988  INSAT Series - Indian National Satellite - TV Relay to remote areas and weather - 1982

8.  India's first lunar probe.  It was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation in October 2008, and operated until August 2009.  PSLV-XL C11  The lunar mission carried five ISRO payloads and six payloads from other space agencies including NASA, ESA, and the Bulgarian Aerospace Agency, which were carried free of cost.

9.  To design, develop, launch and orbit a spacecraft around the Moon using an Indian- made launch-vehicle  to conduct scientific experiments using instruments on the spacecraft which would yield data: ◦ for the preparation of a three-dimensional atlas (with high spatial and altitude resolution of 5–10 m) of both the near and far sides of the Moon

10. ◦ for chemical and mineralogical mapping of the entire lunar surface at high spatial resolution, mapping particularly the chemical elements magnesium, aluminium, silicon,calcium, iron, titanium, radon, uranium, and thoriummagnesiumsiliconcalciumtitaniumradonuraniumthorium ◦ To increase scientific knowledge ◦ To test the impact of a sub-satellite (Moon Impact Probe — MIP) on the surface on the Moon as a fore- runner to future soft-landing missions  To detect water-ice on the Moon

15.  Mars climate is most like our earth.  but our other neighbour venus is more hotter than a human could think of.  Day and night rythem is similar to our earth.  Mars has polar ice caps.  There are deserts in mars similar to us.

23. Various countries attempted to reach the mars orbit. But India is the first country to make it happen in the first attempt.

28.  Design and realisation of a Mars orbiter with a capability to survive and perform Earth bound manoeuvres, cruise phase of 300 days, Mars orbit insertion / capture, and on-orbit phase around Mars.  Deep space communication, navigation, mission planning and management.  Incorporate autonomous features to handle contingency situations.  Mangalyaan will observe the environment of Mars and look for various elements like methane (marsh gas), which is a possible indicator of life. It will also look for Deuterium-Hydroden ratio and other neutral constants.

29. 1. Launch 2. Orbit raising maneuvers 3. Trans-mars injection 4. Trajectory- correction maneuvers 5. Mars orbit insertion

45.  Chandrayaan 2  Reusable launch Vehicles  Human space flights …and a lot more to come