1. Foundations of Government
Chapter 1

2. What are the purposes of government?
Essential Question

3. Purposes and Origins of Government
Most people do not desire to live in chaos or turmoil
Order is created by legitimate and functioning governments
Leadership, order, defense, security, public service, economic assistance
Purposes and Origins of Government

4. Purposes and Origins of Government
Providing Leadership
Government officials set priorities and make all sorts of decisions on behalf of the people
They can require that people do things they might not do voluntarily, such as pay taxes or serve in the army
Without leadership, no one can be in charge….anarchy
Purposes and Origins of Government

5. Purposes and Origins of Government
Maintaining Order
Conflict is an inescapable part of life.
placing limits on what individuals are permitted to do
Without government, civilized life would be impossible
Purposes and Origins of Government

6. Purposes and Origins of Government
Providing Public Service
Governments create schools, build sewer systems, pave roads, and provide other services that individuals cannot or would not do on their own
Purposes and Origins of Government

7. Purposes and Origins of Government
Providing National Security
protect the people against attack by another country or by terrorists
complex and demanding task
Purposes and Origins of Government

8. Purposes and Origins of Government
Economic Security and Economic Assistance
Governments negotiate trade deals with other countries and they try to protect businesses that are important to their own economies.
Governments can provide assistance to people in need.
Purposes and Origins of Government

9. Turn and Talk means to turn to a partner or two and elaborate on the following question
The founding fathers had to make extremely important decisions regarding the type of government the new country would have.
What information would you use to support why they chose democracy with all of the other types of governments throughout the world?
Turn and Talk

10. Purposes and Origins of Government
Origins (Theories) of the State
Evolutionary Theory
Evolved from the family
Clans, tribes, etc.
Purposes and Origins of Government

11. Purposes and Origins of Government
Origins (Theories) of the State
Force Theory
States emerged when people needed to cooperate to survive but could only become organized when one or more people took control
Purposes and Origins of Government

12. Purposes and Origins of Government
Origins (Theories) of the State
Divine Right Theory
certain people are chosen by a god or gods to rule is a very old theory
Purposes and Origins of Government

13. Purposes and Origins of Government
Origins (Theories) of the State
Social Contract Theory
Some people believe states exist to protect and to serve their people.
Purposes and Origins of Government

14. Lesson 2
Types of Government

15. What principles guide different types of government?
The United States and many other countries around the world are democracies. What does the idea of democracy mean to you?
What do you think are the most important characteristics of a democratic form of government? List them in order of importance.
Types of Government

16. Types of Government Guided Question
How is a federal system of government different from a unitary or confederate one?
Types of Government

17. Types of Government Unitary System
All key powers to the central government
Only powers that states or local government have are those expressly given to them by the central government.
Less power given to localities
Japan, France, and Bolivia
Types of Government

18. Types of Government Confederate System
What we were first under Articles
A loose union of independent and sovereign states
Tremendous power given to states
Very rare today
Federated States of Micronesia
Types of Government

19. Federal System
Divides the powers of government between the national and state or provincial government
On a smaller scale, individual states in the United States may have their own structure of government
Maryland gives its counties much more authority to make their own decisions than most states.
Brazil
Types of Government

20. Types of Government Question
How is a constitutional government different than a country without a constitution?
Types of Government

21. Types of Government Constitution
No matter what type of government you have, you need a constitution
plan that provides the rules for government
Purposes
(1) it sets out ideals that the people bound by the constitution believe in and share
(2) it establishes the basic structure of government and defines the government’s powers and duties
(3) it provides the supreme law for the country.
Types of Government

22. Types of Government Constitutional Government
constitution has authority to place clearly recognized limits on the powers of those who govern.
Constitutions are important but incomplete guides to how a country is actually governed.
2 reasons
First, no written constitution can possibly spell out all the laws, customs, and ideas that grow up around the document.
Types of Government

23. Types of Government Constitutional Government 2 reasons
Second, a constitution does not always reflect actual government practice.
China, for example, has a written constitution filled with statements about the basic rights, freedoms, and duties of citizens. Yet, the Chinese government does not uphold many of those rights and freedoms.
Types of Government

24. Types of Government Major Types of Government
Authoritarian Governments
characterized by leadership that controls all aspects of its citizens’ economic and social lives
sometimes referred to as totalitarian states because the government has total control.
Types of Government

25. Types of Government Major Types of Government
Authoritarian Governments
appear to have democratic features.
opponents to the current leaders are persecuted.
few, if any, political freedoms
use ruthless force or the threat of force to maintain order.
Types of Government

26. Types of Government Major Types of Government
Oligarchy
derive their power from their wealth, social position, military power, or a combination of these factors.
When a few rule
Dictatorships and Monarchs can be classified here as well.
Types of Government

27. Types of Government Major Types of Government Democratic Governments
rule is by the people.
either through representatives or directly.
Republics
democracy that does not have a monarch in charge
Types of Government

28. Discussion Question Turn and Talk
What principles are central to democracies? 
Discussion Question

29. Types of Government Principles of Democracy
While no democracy is a perfect democracy, there are certain principles that guide them.
Types of Government

30. Types of Government What are the Principles of Democracy
Citizen Participation
Regular Free and Fair Elections
Accepting the Results of Elections
The Rule of Law
Majority Rule with Minority Rights
Accountability
Transparency
Limited Government and a Bill of Rights
Control of the Abuse of Power
Types of Government

31. Types of Government What are the Principles of Democracy
Economic Freedom
Equality
Individual or Human Rights
Independent Judiciary
Competing Political Parties
Types of Government

32. Your job………
Grab a text book from the cupboard and look up each of these principles and briefly describe each
These must be placed into your notes!!!!
Lesson 2
Types of Government

33. The Role of Government in Economic Systems
Lesson 3
The Role of Government in Economic Systems

34. The Role of Government in Economic Systems
Essential Question……
What is the role of government in different types of economic systems?
The Role of Government in Economic Systems

35. When is the last time you wanted to buy something you could not afford
When is the last time you wanted to buy something you could not afford? Do you know people who can buy it and whatever else they want? How did they get enough money to buy it? Did they work hard? Did they save? Has their family always had plenty of money, going back for generations?  
Now think about your needs instead of your wants. Can you or your family afford to pay for your basic needs like food, shelter, and clothing? Do you think the government has a responsibility to make sure you have all you need? Write a personal reflection answering these questions.

36. The Role of Government in Economic Systems
Essential Question……
What are the basic factors of every economy?
The Role of Government in Economic Systems

37. The Role of Government in Economic Systems
The Government’s Role
In every society, governments guide economies
Some allow free use of resources
Others use regulation to allocate resources
The Role of Government in Economic Systems

38. The Role of Government in Economic Systems
The Government’s Role
Governments can exert almost total control over their economies or very little control. Either way, governments play significant roles in the economic lives of their people. 
The Role of Government in Economic Systems

39. The Role of Government in Economic Systems
Economic systems are classified in two ways
how economies actually work.
the political ideology that is connected to an economy.
capitalism, socialism, and communism.
The Role of Government in Economic Systems

40. The Role of Government in Economic Systems
Capitalism, Communism, Socialism
All different economic systems
Capitalism has five characteristics: private ownership and control of property and economic resources, free enterprise, competition, freedom of choice, and the possibility of profits.
Communism uses a command economy
The Role of Government in Economic Systems

41. The Role of Government in Economic Systems
Capitalism, Communism, Socialism
the government decides how much to produce, what to produce, and how to distribute the goods and services produced.
Today only a handful of communist states exist in the world. North Korea is one.
The Role of Government in Economic Systems

42. The Role of Government in Economic Systems
Socialism
economic system in which the government plays a significant role in the economy, but it does not completely control it.
Under socialism, government planners determine the use of resources and distribute the products and wages.
government also provides extensive social services such as education, health care, and welfare for its people.
The Role of Government in Economic Systems

43. The Role of Government in Economic Systems
Socialism
The goal of socialism is an equal distribution of wealth.
The Role of Government in Economic Systems